Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 11, Number 1, February 2020, pages 33-39

Preliminary Observations on the Antihypertension Action of Dabigatran Etexilate in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective Multicenter Single-Arm Interventional Study

Figure 1. (a) Changes in aPTT; data are shown as the mean ± SD. (b) Changes in SBP and HR; data are shown as the mean ± SD. SBP: systolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; bpm: beats per minute; SD: standard deviation.

Figure 2. (a) Changes in SBP and HR in the switching group. (b) Changes in SBP and HR in the new treatment group. (c) Changes in SBP and HR in the new treatment group without switching of antihypertensive agents stratified by type of fibrillation. SBP: systolic blood pressure: HR: heart rate; bpm: beats per minute; C-Af: chronic atrial fibrillation; Paf: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

**Table 1.** Background Factors of the Patients
Data are shown as the mean ± SD or n (%). BMI: body mass index; HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus type 2; CVD: cardiovascular disease; PT-INR: prothrombin time-international normalized ratio; ACE-I/ARB: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker; SD: standard deviation.
Age, years	73 ± 10
Male, n (%)	98 (69)
BMI, kg/m²	24.0 ± 3.1
HTN, n (%)	119 (83)
DM, n (%)	33 (23)
CVD, n (%)	11 (8)
Pre-warfarin, n (%)	59 (41)
PT-INR	1.47 ± 0.32
Drugs
ACE-I/ARB, n (%)	63 (44)
CCB, n (%)	26 (18)
Diuretics, n (%)	16 (11)

Table 1. Background Factors of the Patients

Data are shown as the mean ± SD or n (%). BMI: body mass index; HTN: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus type 2; CVD: cardiovascular disease; PT-INR: prothrombin time-international normalized ratio; ACE-I/ARB: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker; SD: standard deviation.

Age, years

73 ± 10

Male, n (%)

98 (69)

BMI, kg/m²

24.0 ± 3.1

HTN, n (%)

119 (83)

DM, n (%)

33 (23)

CVD, n (%)

11 (8)

Pre-warfarin, n (%)

59 (41)

PT-INR

1.47 ± 0.32

Drugs

ACE-I/ARB, n (%)

63 (44)

CCB, n (%)

26 (18)

Diuretics, n (%)

16 (11)

**Table 2.** List of Patients Who Changed Antihypertensive Medication
Data are shown as n (%). ACE-I/ARB: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker.
No change, n (%)	85 (59)
ACE-I/ARB added, n (%)	6 (4)
CCB added, n (%)	10 (7)
Diuretics added, n (%)	6 (4)
ACE-I to ARB, n (%)	4 (3)
CCB to ARB, n (%)	2 (1)
ACE-I/ARB reduced, n (%)	2 (1)
CCB reduced, n (%)	2 (1)
Unknown, n (%)	26 (17)

Table 2. List of Patients Who Changed Antihypertensive Medication

Data are shown as n (%). ACE-I/ARB: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker.

No change, n (%)

85 (59)

ACE-I/ARB added, n (%)

6 (4)

CCB added, n (%)

10 (7)

Diuretics added, n (%)

6 (4)

ACE-I to ARB, n (%)

4 (3)

CCB to ARB, n (%)

2 (1)

ACE-I/ARB reduced, n (%)

2 (1)

CCB reduced, n (%)

2 (1)

Unknown, n (%)

26 (17)

**Table 3.** Changes in Laboratory Values Over 12 Months
	0 month	12 months	P value
Data are shown as the mean ± SD. Hb: hemoglobin; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Cr: creatinine; T-Chol: total cholesterol; LDL: low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL: high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; UA: uric acid; Na: sodium; K: potassium; Cl: chloride ion; BG: blood glucose; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SD: standard deviation.
Hb, g/dL	13.9 ± 1.7	13.8 ± 1.9	0.30
AST, IU/L	27.2 ± 10.9	25.3 ± 9.2	0.18
ALT, IU/L	24.6 ± 19.0	20.0 ± 10.1	0.05
BUN, mg/dL	16.6 ± 4.3	16.7 ± 4.3	0.44
Cr, mg/dL	0.89 ± 0.21	0.92 ± 0.22	0.12
T-Chol, mg/dL	185.0 ± 33.3	174.8 ± 31.9	0.05
LDL, mg/dL	106.1 ± 29.9	95.4 ± 26.9	0.02
HDL, mg/dL	56.8 ± 13.7	60.9 ± 14.2	0.04
TG, mg/dL	133.8 ± 79.3	116.0 ± 67.2	0.08
UA, mg/dL	5.8 ± 1.3	5.6 ± 1.4	0.22
Na, mEq/L	141.3 ± 2.4	141.2 ± 2.1	0.38
K, mEq/L	4.2 ± 0.4	4.3 ± 0.5	0.08
Cl, mEq/L	104.6 ± 2.9	104.8 ± 2.5	0.29
BG, mg/dL	121.7 ± 40.2	115.8 ± 108.3	0.28
HbA1c, %	6.3 ± 1.0	6.2 ± 0.6	0.46
BNP, pg/dL	177.8 ± 114.5	88.4 ± 90.5	0.03

Table 3. Changes in Laboratory Values Over 12 Months

0 month

12 months

P value

Data are shown as the mean ± SD. Hb: hemoglobin; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Cr: creatinine; T-Chol: total cholesterol; LDL: low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL: high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; UA: uric acid; Na: sodium; K: potassium; Cl: chloride ion; BG: blood glucose; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SD: standard deviation.

Hb, g/dL

13.9 ± 1.7

13.8 ± 1.9

0.30

AST, IU/L

27.2 ± 10.9

25.3 ± 9.2

0.18

ALT, IU/L

24.6 ± 19.0

20.0 ± 10.1

0.05

BUN, mg/dL

16.6 ± 4.3

16.7 ± 4.3

0.44

Cr, mg/dL

0.89 ± 0.21

0.92 ± 0.22

0.12

T-Chol, mg/dL

185.0 ± 33.3

174.8 ± 31.9

0.05

LDL, mg/dL

106.1 ± 29.9

95.4 ± 26.9

0.02

HDL, mg/dL

56.8 ± 13.7

60.9 ± 14.2

0.04

TG, mg/dL

133.8 ± 79.3

116.0 ± 67.2

0.08

UA, mg/dL

5.8 ± 1.3

5.6 ± 1.4

0.22

Na, mEq/L

141.3 ± 2.4

141.2 ± 2.1

0.38

K, mEq/L

4.2 ± 0.4

4.3 ± 0.5

0.08

Cl, mEq/L

104.6 ± 2.9

104.8 ± 2.5

0.29

BG, mg/dL

121.7 ± 40.2

115.8 ± 108.3

0.28

HbA1c, %

6.3 ± 1.0

6.2 ± 0.6

0.46

BNP, pg/dL

177.8 ± 114.5

88.4 ± 90.5

0.03