Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 12, Number 1, February 2021, pages 10-15

Association Between the Level of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients Who Have Undergone Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography

Figure 2. The prevalence of CAD (a, e), number of VD (b, f), Gensini score (c) and CAC score (d) in the Low LDL-C, Middle LDL-C and High LDL-C groups. The ≥ 50% and ≥ 70% of coronary stenosis were defined as significant stenosis in (a, b) and (e, f), respectively. CAD: coronary artery disease; number of VD: number of significantly stenosed coronary vessels; CACS: coronary artery calcium score; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N.S.: not significant; A.U.: arbitrary unit.

**Table 1.** Patients Characteristics in All Patients, Low LDL-C, Middle LDL-C and High LDL-C groups
	All patients ( n = 666 )	Low LDL-C ( n = 25 )	Middle LDL-C ( n = 141 )	High LDL-C ( n = 500 )	P for trend
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD. BMI: body mass index; DL: dyslipidemia; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; DM: diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; FBS: fasting blood sugar; HTN: hypertension; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DPP4-I: dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor. ARB/ACEI: angiotensin II receptor blocker/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; CCB: calcium channel blocker.
Age (yrs)	65 ± 13	64 ± 16	65 ± 13	65 ± 12	0.4
Male, n (%)	332 (50)	15 (60)	88 (62)	231 (46)	< 0.001
BMI, kg/m²	24 ± 4	23 ± 4	23 ± 3	24 ± 4	0.01
Smoking, n (%)	226 (34)	10 (40)	56 (40)	160 (32)	0.03
DL, n (%)	208 (31)	6 (24)	26 (18)	176 (35)	< 0.001
TG, mg/dL	135 ± 100	125 ± 104	132 ± 145	136 ± 83	< 0.001
HDL-C, mg/dL	57 ± 16	56 ± 24	56 ± 17	57 ± 16	0.3
LDL-C, mg/dL	120 ± 32	57 ± 13	87 ± 8	133 ± 26	< 0.001
DM, n (%)	106 (16)	1 (4.0)	37 (26)	68 (14)	0.01
HbA1c, %	5.9 ± 0.8	5.7 ± 1.2	6.0 ± 1.0	5.9 ± 0.7	0.6
FBS, mg/dL	107 ± 27	104 ± 21	109 ± 27	106 ± 27	0.3
HTN, n (%)	386 (58)	15 (60)	86 (61)	285 (57)	0.2
SBP, mm Hg	135 ± 20	127 ± 20	134 ± 19	136 ± 20	0.1
DBP, mm Hg	78 ± 14	71 ± 15	77 ± 14	79 ± 13	0.02
Medications
Biguanide, n (%)	31 (4.7)	0 (0)	8 (5.7)	23 (4.6)	0.5
DPP4-I, n (%)	49 (7.4)	1 (4.0)	15 (11)	33 (6.6)	0.1
Insulin, n (%)	10 (1.5)	1 (4.0)	6 (4.3)	3 (0.6)	< 0.001
ARB/ACEI, n (%)	191 (29)	7 (28)	50 (36)	134 (27)	0.04
CCB, n (%)	210 (32)	8 (32)	51 (36)	151 (30)	0.1
β-blocker, n (%)	47 (7.1)	2 (8.0)	7 (5.0)	38 (7.6)	0.2
Diuretics, n (%)	55 (8.3)	2 (8.0)	11 (7.8)	42 (8.4)	0.4

Table 1. Patients Characteristics in All Patients, Low LDL-C, Middle LDL-C and High LDL-C groups

All patients ( n = 666 )

Low LDL-C ( n = 25 )

Middle LDL-C ( n = 141 )

High LDL-C ( n = 500 )

P for trend

(< 70 mg/dL)

(70 - 99 mg/dL)

(≥ 100 mg/dL)

Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD. BMI: body mass index; DL: dyslipidemia; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; DM: diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; FBS: fasting blood sugar; HTN: hypertension; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DPP4-I: dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor. ARB/ACEI: angiotensin II receptor blocker/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; CCB: calcium channel blocker.

Age (yrs)

65 ± 13

64 ± 16

65 ± 13

65 ± 12

0.4

Male, n (%)

332 (50)

15 (60)

88 (62)

231 (46)

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m²

24 ± 4

23 ± 4

23 ± 3

24 ± 4

0.01

Smoking, n (%)

226 (34)

10 (40)

56 (40)

160 (32)

0.03

DL, n (%)

208 (31)

6 (24)

26 (18)

176 (35)

< 0.001

TG, mg/dL

135 ± 100

125 ± 104

132 ± 145

136 ± 83

< 0.001

HDL-C, mg/dL

57 ± 16

56 ± 24

56 ± 17

57 ± 16

0.3

LDL-C, mg/dL

120 ± 32

57 ± 13

87 ± 8

133 ± 26

< 0.001

DM, n (%)

106 (16)

1 (4.0)

37 (26)

68 (14)

0.01

HbA1c, %

5.9 ± 0.8

5.7 ± 1.2

6.0 ± 1.0

5.9 ± 0.7

0.6

FBS, mg/dL

107 ± 27

104 ± 21

109 ± 27

106 ± 27

0.3

HTN, n (%)

386 (58)

15 (60)

86 (61)

285 (57)

0.2

SBP, mm Hg

135 ± 20

127 ± 20

134 ± 19

136 ± 20

0.1

DBP, mm Hg

78 ± 14

71 ± 15

77 ± 14

79 ± 13

0.02

Medications

Biguanide, n (%)

31 (4.7)

0 (0)

8 (5.7)

23 (4.6)

0.5

DPP4-I, n (%)

49 (7.4)

1 (4.0)

15 (11)

33 (6.6)

0.1

Insulin, n (%)

10 (1.5)

1 (4.0)

6 (4.3)

3 (0.6)

< 0.001

ARB/ACEI, n (%)

191 (29)

7 (28)

50 (36)

134 (27)

0.04

CCB, n (%)

210 (32)

8 (32)

51 (36)

151 (30)

0.1

β-blocker, n (%)

47 (7.1)

2 (8.0)

7 (5.0)

38 (7.6)

0.2

Diuretics, n (%)

55 (8.3)

2 (8.0)

11 (7.8)

42 (8.4)

0.4