Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Review

Volume 12, Number 3, June 2021, pages 140-145

Native and Prosthetic Valve Staphylococcus capitis Endocarditis: A Review of the Literature

**Table 1.** Native Valve Endocarditis
Reference	Patient	Gender	Age	Comorbidities	Location	Vegetation	Abscess	Antibiotic management	In-hospital surgical management	Complications	In-hospital mortality
[3]	1	Male	35	Epilepsy, hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy	Aortic valve	Yes	No	Vancomycin, rifampin	No	Heart failure	No
[14]	1	Male	72	Cerebrovascular accident, peripheral vascular disease	Mitral valve	Yes	No	Vancomycin, gentamicin	No	No	No
[15]	1	Male	53	Not available	Mitral valve	Yes	No	Amoxicillin, netilmicin, ceftriaxone	No	Popliteal artery embolism	No
[16]	1	Male	63	Ventricular septal defect, prior endocarditis	Tricuspid valve	Yes	No	Cloxacillin	No	Heart failure	No
[17]	1	Male	46	End-stage renal disease	Aortic valve	Yes	No	Vancomycin, rifampin	No	Lower extremity gangrene	No
	2	Male	35	Not available	Aortic valve	Yes	No	Vancomycin, rifampin	No	No	No
[18]	1	Male	73	Hypertension, esophagitis	Mitral valve	Yes	No	Ampicillin, cloxacillin, gentamicin	No	Hemiplegia, facial palsy	Yes
[19]	1	Male	29	Not available	Mitral valve	No	No	Penicillin, gentamicin	No	No	No
	2	Male	62	Not available	Mitral valve	No	No	Vancomycin, penicillin, gentamicin, pefloxacin, rifampin	Yes	No	No
[20]	1	Male	79	Diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, coronary artery disease, hypertension, aortic sclerosis, mitral regurgitation	Aortic valve	Yes	No	Vancomycin, nafcillin	No	Multiorgan failure	Yes
[21]	1	Male	70	Hypertension, diabetes mellitus	Aortic valve	Yes	No	Nafcillin, gentamicin	No	Arrhythmia	No
[22]	1	Male	53	Mitral regurgitation (prior mitral annuloplasty)	Mitral valve	Yes	No	Ampicillin, vancomycin	Yes	No	No

Table 1. Native Valve Endocarditis

Reference

Patient

Gender

Age

Comorbidities

Location

Vegetation

Abscess

Antibiotic management

In-hospital surgical management

Complications

In-hospital mortality

[3]

Male

Epilepsy, hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy

Aortic valve

Yes

Vancomycin, rifampin

Heart failure

[14]

Male

Cerebrovascular accident, peripheral vascular disease

Mitral valve

Yes

Vancomycin, gentamicin

[15]

Male

Not available

Mitral valve

Yes

Amoxicillin, netilmicin, ceftriaxone

Popliteal artery embolism

[16]

Male

Ventricular septal defect, prior endocarditis

Tricuspid valve

Yes

Cloxacillin

Heart failure

[17]

Male

End-stage renal disease

Aortic valve

Yes

Vancomycin, rifampin

Lower extremity gangrene

Male

Not available

Aortic valve

Yes

Vancomycin, rifampin

[18]

Male

Hypertension, esophagitis

Mitral valve

Yes

Ampicillin, cloxacillin, gentamicin

Hemiplegia, facial palsy

Yes

[19]

Male

Not available

Mitral valve

Penicillin, gentamicin

Male

Not available

Mitral valve

Vancomycin, penicillin, gentamicin, pefloxacin, rifampin

Yes

[20]

Male

Diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, coronary artery disease, hypertension, aortic sclerosis, mitral regurgitation

Aortic valve

Yes

Vancomycin, nafcillin

Multiorgan failure

Yes

[21]

Male

Hypertension, diabetes mellitus

Aortic valve

Yes

Nafcillin, gentamicin

Arrhythmia

[22]

Male

Mitral regurgitation (prior mitral annuloplasty)

Mitral valve

Yes

Ampicillin, vancomycin

Yes

**Table 2.** Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
Reference	Patient	Gender	Age	Comorbidities	Location	Vegetation	Abscess	Antibiotic management	In-hospital surgical management	Complications	In-hospital mortality
[9]	1	Male	72	Coronary artery disease, hypertension, atrial fibrillation	Aortic valve	No	Yes	Vancomycin, gentamicin, rifampin	Yes	Heart failure, aortic root abscess	Yes
	2	Female	48	Hypertension	Aortic valve	Yes	Yes	Vancomycin, gentamicin, rifampin	Yes	Leg embolism, heart failure, shock, aortic root abscess	Yes
[10]	1	Female	79	Not available	Aortic valve	Yes	Yes	Vancomycin	Yes	None	No
	2	Female	79	Not available	Aortic valve	Yes	No	Vancomycin, rifampin, minocycline	Yes	None	No
	3	Male	76	Not available	Aortic valve	Yes	Yes	Teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, levofloxacin	Yes	Aortic annular abscess	No
	4	Female	68	Not available	Mitral valve	No	No	Vancomycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin	Yes	Mitral annular abscess, heart failure	No
[11]	1	Female	65	Not available	Mitral valve	No	No	Imipenem, vancomycin	Yes	None	No
[12]	1	Male	55	Not available	Aortic and mitral valve	No	No	Vancomycin, gentamicin, rifampin	Yes	Spleen embolism, cerebral infarct	No
[23]	1	Male	74	Dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, peripheral artery disease	Mitral valve	Yes	No	Rifampin, vancomycin	Yes	Heart failure, shock	Yes
	2	Male	69	Diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral artery disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy	Aortic valve	No	Yes	Rifampin, vancomycin and gentamicin	Yes	None	No
	3	Male	80	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus	Aortic valve	Yes	Yes	Rifampin, vancomycin, and gentamicin	Yes	Shock	Yes
	4	Male	58	None	Aortic valve	No	No	Amikacin, linezolid, teicoplanin, minocycline	Yes	None	No

Table 2. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Reference

Patient

Gender

Age

Comorbidities

Location

Vegetation

Abscess

Antibiotic management

In-hospital surgical management

Complications

In-hospital mortality

[9]

Male

Coronary artery disease, hypertension, atrial fibrillation

Aortic valve

Yes

Vancomycin, gentamicin, rifampin

Yes

Heart failure, aortic root abscess

Yes

Female

Hypertension

Aortic valve

Yes

Vancomycin, gentamicin, rifampin

Yes

Leg embolism, heart failure, shock, aortic root abscess

Yes

[10]

Female

Not available

Aortic valve

Yes

Vancomycin

Yes

None

Female

Not available

Aortic valve

Yes

Vancomycin, rifampin, minocycline

Yes

None

Male

Not available

Aortic valve

Yes

Teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, levofloxacin

Yes

Aortic annular abscess

Female

Not available

Mitral valve

Vancomycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin

Yes

Mitral annular abscess, heart failure

[11]

Female

Not available

Mitral valve

Imipenem, vancomycin

Yes

None

[12]

Male

Not available

Aortic and mitral valve

Vancomycin, gentamicin, rifampin

Yes

Spleen embolism, cerebral infarct

[23]

Male

Dilated cardiomyopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, peripheral artery disease

Mitral valve

Yes

Rifampin, vancomycin

Yes

Heart failure, shock

Yes

Male

Diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral artery disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy

Aortic valve

Yes

Rifampin, vancomycin and gentamicin

Yes

None

Male

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus

Aortic valve

Yes

Rifampin, vancomycin, and gentamicin

Yes

Shock

Yes

Male

None

Aortic valve

Amikacin, linezolid, teicoplanin, minocycline

Yes

None