Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 12, Number 4, August 2021, pages 251-257

Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein for Risk Prediction of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Figure 2. Comparison of sd-LDL levels according to involvement of LAD and non-LAD coronary arteries. LAD: left anterior descending coronary artery.

**Table 1.** Demographic Characteristics of Cases
Characteristic	Patients (n = 75)
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (percent).
Age, years	52.02 ± 1.16
< 50	37 (49.3%)
50 - 60	23 (30.7%)
> 60	15 (20.0%)
Male	54 (72.0%)
Body mass index
≤ 24 kg/m²	30 (40.0%)
> 24 kg/m²	45 (60.0%)
Conventional risk factors	48 (64.0%)
Smoker	42 (56.0%)
Hypertension	25 (33.3%)
Diabetes mellitus	27 (36.0%)
Family history of coronary artery disease	8 (10.7%)
Diagnosis
Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction	17 (22.7%)
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction	58 (77.3%)
Angiographic outcome
Single-vessel disease	41 (54.7%)
Double-vessel disease	13 (17.3%)
Triple-vessel disease	21 (28.0%)
Involvement of coronary artery
Left anterior descending coronary artery	59 (78.7%)
Non-left anterior descending coronary artery	16 (21.3%)

Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of Cases

Characteristic

Patients (n = 75)

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (percent).

Age, years

52.02 ± 1.16

< 50

37 (49.3%)

50 - 60

23 (30.7%)

> 60

15 (20.0%)

Male

54 (72.0%)

Body mass index

≤ 24 kg/m²

30 (40.0%)

> 24 kg/m²

45 (60.0%)

Conventional risk factors

48 (64.0%)

Smoker

42 (56.0%)

Hypertension

25 (33.3%)

Diabetes mellitus

27 (36.0%)

Family history of coronary artery disease

8 (10.7%)

Diagnosis

Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

17 (22.7%)

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

58 (77.3%)

Angiographic outcome

Single-vessel disease

41 (54.7%)

Double-vessel disease

13 (17.3%)

Triple-vessel disease

21 (28.0%)

Involvement of coronary artery

Left anterior descending coronary artery

59 (78.7%)

Non-left anterior descending coronary artery

16 (21.3%)

**Table 2.** Mean sd-LDL Levels (mg/dL) of Cases
Characteristic	Patients (n = 75)	P value
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. sd-LDL: small density low-density lipoprotein.
Age
< 50	17.04 ± 2.47 (n = 37)	0.416
50 - 60	16.84 ± 2.67 (n = 23)
> 60	13.53 ± 1.62 (n = 15)
Gender
Male	16.79 ± 1.55 (n = 54)	0.047
Female	10.77 ± 2.62 (n = 21)
Body mass index
≤ 24 kg/m²	15.34 ± 1.66 (n = 30)	0.634
> 24 kg/m²	16.84 ± 2.31 (n = 45)
Conventional risk factors
Smokers	16.56 ± 2.14 (n = 42)	0.770
Non-smokers	15.72 ± 1.92 (n = 33)
Hypertensives	17.05 ± 8.97 (n = 25)	0.863
Normotensives	15.89 ± 1.64 (n = 50)
Diabetics	13.82 ± 2.31 (n = 27)	0.311
Non-diabetics	16.72 ± 1.69 (n = 48)
Diagnosis
Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction	15.03 ± 2.05 (n = 17)	0.674
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction	16.52 ± 1.81 (n = 58)
Angiographic outcome
Single-vessel disease	16.08 ± 1.88 (n = 41)	0.087
Double-vessel disease	12.83 ± 1.94 (n = 13)
Triple-vessel disease	22.33 ± 3.71 (n = 21)

Table 2. Mean sd-LDL Levels (mg/dL) of Cases

Characteristic

Patients (n = 75)

P value

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. sd-LDL: small density low-density lipoprotein.

Age

< 50

17.04 ± 2.47 (n = 37)

0.416

50 - 60

16.84 ± 2.67 (n = 23)

> 60

13.53 ± 1.62 (n = 15)

Gender

Male

16.79 ± 1.55 (n = 54)

0.047

Female

10.77 ± 2.62 (n = 21)

Body mass index

≤ 24 kg/m²

15.34 ± 1.66 (n = 30)

0.634

> 24 kg/m²

16.84 ± 2.31 (n = 45)

Conventional risk factors

Smokers

16.56 ± 2.14 (n = 42)

0.770

Non-smokers

15.72 ± 1.92 (n = 33)

Hypertensives

17.05 ± 8.97 (n = 25)

0.863

Normotensives

15.89 ± 1.64 (n = 50)

Diabetics

13.82 ± 2.31 (n = 27)

0.311

Non-diabetics

16.72 ± 1.69 (n = 48)

Diagnosis

Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

15.03 ± 2.05 (n = 17)

0.674

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

16.52 ± 1.81 (n = 58)

Angiographic outcome

Single-vessel disease

16.08 ± 1.88 (n = 41)

0.087

Double-vessel disease

12.83 ± 1.94 (n = 13)

Triple-vessel disease

22.33 ± 3.71 (n = 21)

**Table 3.** Short-Term Outcomes of Cases
Characteristic	Patients (n = 75)
Values are expressed as number (percent).
Major adverse cardiovascular events
Cardiac death	2 (2.67%)
Cardiogenic shock	0 (0%)
Left ventricular failure	1 (1.33%)
Recurrent myocardial infraction	0 (0%)
Hemodynamically unstable arrhythmia	1 (1.33%)
Prolonged angina pain	0 (0%)
End outcomes
In-hospital mortality	2 (2.67%)
30-day mortality	0 (0%)

Table 3. Short-Term Outcomes of Cases

Characteristic

Patients (n = 75)

Values are expressed as number (percent).

Major adverse cardiovascular events

Cardiac death

2 (2.67%)

Cardiogenic shock

0 (0%)

Left ventricular failure

1 (1.33%)

Recurrent myocardial infraction

0 (0%)

Hemodynamically unstable arrhythmia

1 (1.33%)

Prolonged angina pain

0 (0%)

End outcomes

In-hospital mortality

2 (2.67%)

30-day mortality

0 (0%)