Figure 1. Flowchart of the enrollment of COVID-19 patients into study. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; ECG: electrocardiogram; CHF: CHF: congestive heart failure; CAD: coronary artery disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
| Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org |
Original Article
Volume 12, Number 4, August 2021, pages 258-264
Corrected QT Interval Prolongation, Elevated Troponin, and Mortality in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Figure
Tables
| Both males and females | Males | Females | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QT interval | |||
| Normal | ≤ 430 ms | ≤ 430 ms | ≤ 450 ms |
| Prolonged | > 470 ms | > 430 ms | > 450 ms |
| Troponin | |||
| Normal | ≤ 0.5 ng/mL | - | - |
| Elevated | > 0.5 ng/mL | - | - |
| Frequency | Percent | |
|---|---|---|
| Expired | 99 | 29.2 |
| Unexpired | 240 | 70.8 |
| Male | 207 | 61.1 |
| Female | 132 | 38.9 |
| White | 126 | 37.2 |
| Hispanic | 83 | 24.5 |
| Black | 94 | 27.7 |
| Asian | 18 | 5.3 |
| Other | 18 | 5.3 |
| Spearman’s rho | P value (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| The table showed the correlation coefficient of the variables and their independent correlation to expired status in 339 subjects. All analyses are reported at P < 0.05 statistical significance with 95% CI. CI: confidence interval. ECG: electrocardiogram; QTc: corrected QT interval. | ||
| Expired status and sex | 0.087 | 0.109 ( -0.023, 0.195) |
| Expired status and age | -0.273 | 0.000 (-0.372, -0.168) |
| Expired status and race | 0.088 | 0.105 (-0.022, 0.196) |
| Expired status and ECG | -0.112 | < 0.05 (-0.219, -0.003) |
| Expired status and QTc | -0.173 | 0.001 (-0.277, -0.064) |
| Expired status and calcium | 0.134 | 0.014 (0.025, 0.240) |
| Expired status and potassium | -0.156 | 0.004 (-0.261, -0.047) |
| Expired status and troponin | -0.228 | 0.000 (-0.345, -0.104) |
| Black | White | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | N | % | N | |
| Sample size for QT interval and expired status was 220 (94 Black patients and 126 White patients). The sample size for troponin was 144 (60 Black patients and 84 White patients). The sample size for troponin was smaller due to missing data. Initial troponin levels were not obtained in all. QTc: corrected QT interval. | ||||
| Normal troponin | 50.0% | 30 | 58.3% | 49 |
| Elevated troponin | 50.0% | 30 | 42.7% | 35 |
| Normal QTc | 42.6% | 40 | 45.2% | 57 |
| Prolonged QTc | 57.4% | 54 | 54.8% | 69 |
| Expired | 34.0% | 32 | 30.2% | 38 |
| Not expired | 66.0% | 62 | 69.8% | 88 |