Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 13, Number 4, August 2022, pages 206-217

Factors Influencing Thirty-Day Readmission Rate in Patients With Heart Failure Exacerbation

Figure 1. Flowchart of data exclusions. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; Alb: albumin; BMI: body mass index.

Figure 2. Forest plot for logistic regression for likelihood of readmission in 30 days. ICU: intensive care unit; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SpO₂: oxygen saturation; LOS: length of stay.

Figure 3. Forest plot for logistic regression of likelihood of mortality. ICU: intensive care unit; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SpO₂: oxygen saturation; LOS: length of stay.

Figure 4. Forest plot for logistic regression for likelihood of ICU admission. GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SpO₂: oxygen saturation; LOS: length of stay.

**Table 1.** Frequency Table for Entire Population
Variable	Count	%
^aNot all patients had creatinine, lactate, and troponin labs. ICU: intensive care unit; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy.
Readmitted	681	10.90%
Female	2,917	46.90%
Male	3,305	53.10%
Black	797	12.80%
White	5,100	82.00%
Mortality	457	7.30%
Discharged to hospice	363	5.80%
Readmitted mortality	42	6.20%
Readmitted discharged to hospice	23	3.40%
ICU stay	875	14.10%
Uninsured	169	2.70%
X-ray within 1 day	5,820	93.50%
No X-ray	300	4.80%
Echo within 1 day	3,136	50.40%
No echo	2,426	39.00%
Mechanical ventilation	279	4.50%
Received beta-blockers	4,198	67.50%
Received ACEI/ARBs	2,383	38.30%
Received all GDMT	1,909	30.70%
Received IV fluids	671	10.80%
Received diuretic within 2 h	1,779	28.60%
Never received diuretic	2,636	42.40%
Cardiac diet	3,887	62.50%
Cardiology consulted	5,360	86.10%
Abnormal albumin	2,673	43.00%
Abnormal creatinine^a	2,766	44.50%
Abnormal troponin^a	1,519	38.80%
Abnormal lactate^a	492	21.60%
Abnormal sodium	2,491	40.00%
Abnormal BNP	3,653	58.70%

Table 1. Frequency Table for Entire Population

Variable

Count

^aNot all patients had creatinine, lactate, and troponin labs. ICU: intensive care unit; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy.

Readmitted

681

10.90%

Female

2,917

46.90%

Male

3,305

53.10%

Black

797

12.80%

White

5,100

82.00%

Mortality

457

7.30%

Discharged to hospice

363

5.80%

Readmitted mortality

6.20%

Readmitted discharged to hospice

3.40%

ICU stay

875

14.10%

Uninsured

169

2.70%

X-ray within 1 day

5,820

93.50%

No X-ray

300

4.80%

Echo within 1 day

3,136

50.40%

No echo

2,426

39.00%

Mechanical ventilation

279

4.50%

Received beta-blockers

4,198

67.50%

Received ACEI/ARBs

2,383

38.30%

Received all GDMT

1,909

30.70%

Received IV fluids

671

10.80%

Received diuretic within 2 h

1,779

28.60%

Never received diuretic

2,636

42.40%

Cardiac diet

3,887

62.50%

Cardiology consulted

5,360

86.10%

Abnormal albumin

2,673

43.00%

Abnormal creatinine^a

2,766

44.50%

Abnormal troponin^a

1,519

38.80%

Abnormal lactate^a

492

21.60%

Abnormal sodium

2,491

40.00%

Abnormal BNP

3,653

58.70%

**Table 2.** Readmission vs. No Readmission Frequency Table
Variable	Not readmitted	Readmitted
ICU: intensive care unit; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide.
Sex
Female	2,613	47.20%	304	44.60%
Male	2,928	52.80%	377	55.40%
Race
Native American	2	0.03%	0	0.00%
Asian	17	0.30%	1	0.10%
Black	721	13.00%	76	11.20%
Other	273	4.90%	32	4.70%
White	4,528	81.70%	572	84.00%
Mortality
No mortality	5,092	91.90%	673	98.80%
Mortality	449	8.10%	8	1.20%
Hospice
No hospice	5,186	93.60%	673	98.80%
Hospice	355	6.40%	8	1.20%
ICU flag
No ICU stay	4,800	86.60%	547	80.30%
ICU stay	741	13.40%	134	19.70%
Insured
Insured	5,391	97.30%	662	97.20%
Uninsured	150	2.70%	19	2.80%
X-ray
≤ 1 day	5,192	93.70%	628	92.20%
> 1 day	81	1.50%	21	3.10%
No X-ray	268	4.80%	32	4.70%
Echo
≤ 1 day	2,810	50.70%	326	47.90%
> 1 day	575	10.40%	85	12.50%
No echo	2,156	38.90%	270	39.60%
Mechanical ventilation
No	5,303	95.70%	640	94.00%
Yes	238	4.30%	41	6.00%
Beta-blockers
Not received	1,807	32.60%	217	31.90%
Received	3,734	67.40%	464	68.10%
AECI/ARBS
Not received	3,401	61.40%	438	64.30%
Received	2,140	38.60%	243	35.70%
GDMT
No GDMT	1,386	25.00%	164	24.10%
Some requirements	2,436	44.00%	327	48.00%
All	1,719	31.00%	190	27.90%
IV fluid
Not received	4,954	89.40%	597	87.70%
Received	587	10.60%	84	12.30%
Time to diuretic
≤ 2 h	1,632	29.50%	147	21.60%
> 2 h	1,603	28.90%	204	30.00%
Never	2,306	41.60%	330	48.50%
Diet
Non-cardiac	2,091	37.70%	244	35.80%
Cardiac	3,450	62.30%	437	64.20%
Cardiac consult
No consult	776	14.00%	86	12.60%
Consulted	4,765	86.00%	595	87.40%
Albumin
Normal	3,189	57.60%	360	52.90%
Abnormal	2,352	42.40%	321	47.10%
Creatinine*
Normal	3,074	55.50%	382	56.10%
Abnormal	2,467	44.50%	299	43.90%
Troponin*
Normal	2,135	61.00%	266	63.60%
Abnormal	1,367	39.00%	152	36.40%
Lactate*
Normal	1,599	78.90%	188	74.30%
Abnormal	427	21.10%	65	25.70%
Sodium*
Normal	3,347	60.40%	384	56.40%
Abnormal	2,194	39.60%	297	43.60%
BNP
Normal	2,259	40.80%	310	45.50%
Abnormal	3,282	59.20%	371	54.50%

Table 2. Readmission vs. No Readmission Frequency Table

Variable

Not readmitted

Readmitted

ICU: intensive care unit; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide.

Sex

Female

2,613

47.20%

304

44.60%

Male

2,928

52.80%

377

55.40%

Race

Native American

0.03%

0.00%

Asian

0.30%

0.10%

Black

721

13.00%

11.20%

Other

273

4.90%

4.70%

White

4,528

81.70%

572

84.00%

Mortality

No mortality

5,092

91.90%

673

98.80%

Mortality

449

8.10%

1.20%

Hospice

No hospice

5,186

93.60%

673

98.80%

Hospice

355

6.40%

1.20%

ICU flag

No ICU stay

4,800

86.60%

547

80.30%

ICU stay

741

13.40%

134

19.70%

Insured

5,391

97.30%

662

97.20%

Uninsured

150

2.70%

2.80%

X-ray

≤ 1 day

5,192

93.70%

628

92.20%

> 1 day

1.50%

3.10%

No X-ray

268

4.80%

4.70%

Echo

≤ 1 day

2,810

50.70%

326

47.90%

> 1 day

575

10.40%

12.50%

No echo

2,156

38.90%

270

39.60%

Mechanical ventilation

5,303

95.70%

640

94.00%

Yes

238

4.30%

6.00%

Beta-blockers

Not received

1,807

32.60%

217

31.90%

Received

3,734

67.40%

464

68.10%

AECI/ARBS

Not received

3,401

61.40%

438

64.30%

Received

2,140

38.60%

243

35.70%

GDMT

No GDMT

1,386

25.00%

164

24.10%

Some requirements

2,436

44.00%

327

48.00%

All

1,719

31.00%

190

27.90%

IV fluid

Not received

4,954

89.40%

597

87.70%

Received

587

10.60%

12.30%

Time to diuretic

≤ 2 h

1,632

29.50%

147

21.60%

> 2 h

1,603

28.90%

204

30.00%

Never

2,306

41.60%

330

48.50%

Diet

Non-cardiac

2,091

37.70%

244

35.80%

Cardiac

3,450

62.30%

437

64.20%

Cardiac consult

No consult

776

14.00%

12.60%

Consulted

4,765

86.00%

595

87.40%

Albumin

Normal

3,189

57.60%

360

52.90%

Abnormal

2,352

42.40%

321

47.10%

Creatinine*

Normal

3,074

55.50%

382

56.10%

Abnormal

2,467

44.50%

299

43.90%

Troponin*

Normal

2,135

61.00%

266

63.60%

Abnormal

1,367

39.00%

152

36.40%

Lactate*

Normal

1,599

78.90%

188

74.30%

Abnormal

427

21.10%

25.70%

Sodium*

Normal

3,347

60.40%

384

56.40%

Abnormal

2,194

39.60%

297

43.60%

BNP

Normal

2,259

40.80%

310

45.50%

Abnormal

3,282

59.20%

371

54.50%

**Table 3.** Logistic Regression for Likelihood of Readmission in 30 Days
Factor	Odds ratio	95% CI	P value
CI: confidence interval; LOS: length of stay; ICU: intensive care unit; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SpO₂: oxygen saturation; BP: blood pressure.
LOS	1.026	1.006, 1.047	0.013
Age	0.986	0.979, 0.993	< 0.001
Sex	1.088	0.921, 1.285	0.32
Race (other)	0.875	0.599, 1.277	0.487
Race (black)	0.781	0.597, 1.021	0.07
Diuretic time > 2 h	1.29	1.018, 1.634	0.035
Diuretic time, never	1.555	1.237, 1.955	< 0.001
Elixhauser	1.044	0.996, 1.093	0.072
GDMT	0.781	0.647, 0.944	0.011
IV fluid	0.921	0.704, 1.205	0.55
Insured	0.851	0.51, 1.419	0.536
Diet	1.155	0.952, 1.402	0.144
Cardiac consult	1.067	0.792, 1.437	0.67
ICU flag	1.665	1.274, 2.178	< 0.001
Vent	1.267	0.816, 1.968	0.292
X-ray ≤ 1 day	0.881	0.646, 1.203	0.426
Echo ≤ 1 day	0.836	0.700, 0.998	0.047
Max respiratory rate	0.994	0.984, 1.004	0.258
Min SpO₂	1.011	0.995, 1.027	0.192
Min pulse	0.992	0.985, 0.9999	0.046
Max systolic BP	1.001	0.998, 1.0004	0.629
Abnormal albumin	1.119	0.924, 1.354	0.25
Abnormal creatinine	0.912	0.764, 1.090	0.313
Abnormal sodium	1.116	0.935, 1.331	0.224
Abnormal BNP	0.966	0.802, 1.164	0.717

Table 3. Logistic Regression for Likelihood of Readmission in 30 Days

Factor

Odds ratio

95% CI

P value

CI: confidence interval; LOS: length of stay; ICU: intensive care unit; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SpO₂: oxygen saturation; BP: blood pressure.

LOS

1.026

1.006, 1.047

0.013

Age

0.986

0.979, 0.993

< 0.001

Sex

1.088

0.921, 1.285

0.32

Race (other)

0.875

0.599, 1.277

0.487

Race (black)

0.781

0.597, 1.021

0.07

Diuretic time > 2 h

1.29

1.018, 1.634

0.035

Diuretic time, never

1.555

1.237, 1.955

< 0.001

Elixhauser

1.044

0.996, 1.093

0.072

GDMT

0.781

0.647, 0.944

0.011

IV fluid

0.921

0.704, 1.205

0.55

Insured

0.851

0.51, 1.419

0.536

Diet

1.155

0.952, 1.402

0.144

Cardiac consult

1.067

0.792, 1.437

0.67

ICU flag

1.665

1.274, 2.178

< 0.001

Vent

1.267

0.816, 1.968

0.292

X-ray ≤ 1 day

0.881

0.646, 1.203

0.426

Echo ≤ 1 day

0.836

0.700, 0.998

0.047

Max respiratory rate

0.994

0.984, 1.004

0.258

Min SpO₂

1.011

0.995, 1.027

0.192

Min pulse

0.992

0.985, 0.9999

0.046

Max systolic BP

1.001

0.998, 1.0004

0.629

Abnormal albumin

1.119

0.924, 1.354

0.25

Abnormal creatinine

0.912

0.764, 1.090

0.313

Abnormal sodium

1.116

0.935, 1.331

0.224

Abnormal BNP

0.966

0.802, 1.164

0.717

**Table 4.** Logistic Regression for Likelihood of Mortality
Factor	Odds ratio	95% CI	P value
CI: confidence interval; LOS: length of stay; ICU: intensive care unit; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SpO₂: oxygen saturation.
LOS	0.917	0.892, 0.942	< 0.001
Age	1.053	1.04, 1.065	< 0.001
Sex	0.988	0.792, 1.233	0.915
Race (other)	0.502	0.271, 0.928	0.028
Race (black)	0.688	0.447, 1.058	0.089
Diuretic > 2 h	1.044	0.795, 1.372	0.755
No diuretic	0.68	0.504, 0.918	0.012
Elixhauser	1.267	1.196, 1.342	< 0.001
GDMT	0.518	0.394, 0.682	< 0.001
IV fluid	0.814	0.592, 1.118	0.204
Insured	0.498	0.123, 2.022	0.329
Cardiac diet	0.632	0.502, 0.797	< 0.001
Cardiac consult	1.828	1.131, 2.953	0.014
ICU flag	2.127	1.583, 2.858	< 0.001
Vent	4.89	3.314, 7.215	< 0.001
X-ray ≤ 1 day	1.183	0.713, 1.962	0.515
Echo ≤ 1 day	0.606	0.483, 0.759	< 0.001
Max respiratory	1.025	1.015, 1.035	< 0.001
Min SpO₂	0.958	0.944, 0.972	< 0.001
Min pulse	1.012	1.003, 1.022	0.01
Max systolic	0.996	0.991, 1	0.043
Abnormal albumin	1.651	1.276, 2.136	< 0.001
Abnormal creatinine	1.688	1.330, 2.143	< 0.001
Abnormal sodium	1.473	1.172, 1.852	< 0.001
Abnormal BNP	2.268	1.687, 3.05	< 0.001

Table 4. Logistic Regression for Likelihood of Mortality

Factor

Odds ratio

95% CI

P value

CI: confidence interval; LOS: length of stay; ICU: intensive care unit; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SpO₂: oxygen saturation.

LOS

0.917

0.892, 0.942

< 0.001

Age

1.053

1.04, 1.065

< 0.001

Sex

0.988

0.792, 1.233

0.915

Race (other)

0.502

0.271, 0.928

0.028

Race (black)

0.688

0.447, 1.058

0.089

Diuretic > 2 h

1.044

0.795, 1.372

0.755

No diuretic

0.68

0.504, 0.918

0.012

Elixhauser

1.267

1.196, 1.342

< 0.001

GDMT

0.518

0.394, 0.682

< 0.001

IV fluid

0.814

0.592, 1.118

0.204

Insured

0.498

0.123, 2.022

0.329

Cardiac diet

0.632

0.502, 0.797

< 0.001

Cardiac consult

1.828

1.131, 2.953

0.014

ICU flag

2.127

1.583, 2.858

< 0.001

Vent

4.89

3.314, 7.215

< 0.001

X-ray ≤ 1 day

1.183

0.713, 1.962

0.515

Echo ≤ 1 day

0.606

0.483, 0.759

< 0.001

Max respiratory

1.025

1.015, 1.035

< 0.001

Min SpO₂

0.958

0.944, 0.972

< 0.001

Min pulse

1.012

1.003, 1.022

0.01

Max systolic

0.996

0.991, 1

0.043

Abnormal albumin

1.651

1.276, 2.136

< 0.001

Abnormal creatinine

1.688

1.330, 2.143

< 0.001

Abnormal sodium

1.473

1.172, 1.852

< 0.001

Abnormal BNP

2.268

1.687, 3.05

< 0.001

**Table 5.** Logistic Regression for Likelihood of ICU Admission in Their Initial Presentation
Variable	Odds ratio	95% CI	P value
CI: confidence interval; ICU: intensive care unit; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SpO₂: oxygen saturation.
Readmit	1.628	1.284, 2.065	< 0.001
Age	0.988	0.981, 0.995	< 0.001
Sex	1.179	0.997, 1.395	0.054
Race (other)	1.117	0.775, 1.608	0.554
Race (black)	0.561	0.416, 0.758	< 0.001
GDMT	0.935	0.778, 1.122	0.47
Diuretic > 2 h	1.703	1.378, 2.103	< 0.001
Diuretic time, never	1.259	0.997, 1.590	0.053
Elixhauser	1.089	1.042, 1.138	< 0.001
IV fluid	2.306	1.860, 2.860	< 0.001
Cardiac consult	1.702	1.152, 2.515	0.008
Cardiac diet	0.726	0.607, 0.869	< 0.001
X-ray ≤ 1 day	1.217	0.840, 1.763	0.299
Echo ≤ 1 day	1.865	1.562, 2.227	< 0.001
Max respiratory	1.055	1.047, 1.063	< 0.001
Min SpO₂	0.991	0.979, 1.003	0.135
Min pulse	1.002	0.995, 1.009	0.557
Max systolic	1.004	1.000, 1.007	0.025
Abnormal albumin	2.964	2.448, 3.589	< 0.001
Abnormal creatinine	1.14	0.956, 1.360	0.145
Abnormal sodium	1.577	1.331, 1.868	< 0.001
Abnormal BNP	1.416	1.164, 1.723	< 0.001

Table 5. Logistic Regression for Likelihood of ICU Admission in Their Initial Presentation

Variable

Odds ratio

95% CI

P value

CI: confidence interval; ICU: intensive care unit; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SpO₂: oxygen saturation.

Readmit

1.628

1.284, 2.065

< 0.001

Age

0.988

0.981, 0.995

< 0.001

Sex

1.179

0.997, 1.395

0.054

Race (other)

1.117

0.775, 1.608

0.554

Race (black)

0.561

0.416, 0.758

< 0.001

GDMT

0.935

0.778, 1.122

0.47

Diuretic > 2 h

1.703

1.378, 2.103

< 0.001

Diuretic time, never

1.259

0.997, 1.590

0.053

Elixhauser

1.089

1.042, 1.138

< 0.001

IV fluid

2.306

1.860, 2.860

< 0.001

Cardiac consult

1.702

1.152, 2.515

0.008

Cardiac diet

0.726

0.607, 0.869

< 0.001

X-ray ≤ 1 day

1.217

0.840, 1.763

0.299

Echo ≤ 1 day

1.865

1.562, 2.227

< 0.001

Max respiratory

1.055

1.047, 1.063

< 0.001

Min SpO₂

0.991

0.979, 1.003

0.135

Min pulse

1.002

0.995, 1.009

0.557

Max systolic

1.004

1.000, 1.007

0.025

Abnormal albumin

2.964

2.448, 3.589

< 0.001

Abnormal creatinine

1.14

0.956, 1.360

0.145

Abnormal sodium

1.577

1.331, 1.868

< 0.001

Abnormal BNP

1.416

1.164, 1.723

< 0.001

**Table 6.** Linear Regression for ICU Length of Stay
Factor	Unstandardized coefficients	Standardized coefficient	95% CI for B	P value
CI: confidence interval; ICU: intensive care unit; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SpO₂: oxygen saturation.
(Constant)	1.572	2.332		-3.004, 6.149	0.5
Readmit	-0.145	0.366	-0.012	-0.864, 0.573	0.692
Age	-0.007	0.011	-0.019	-0.029, 0.015	0.555
Sex	0.554	0.269	0.064	0.026, 1.081	0.04
Race (other)	-0.108	0.579	-0.006	-1.245, 1.028	0.852
Race (black)	-0.258	0.497	-0.016	-1.233, 0.718	0.604
GDMT	0.55	0.293	0.06	-0.025, 1.126	0.061
Diuretic > 2 h	1.047	0.348	0.123	0.365, 1.729	0.003
Diuretic time, never	-0.37	0.392	-0.04	-1.138, 0.399	0.346
Elixhauser	0.016	0.069	0.008	-0.119, 0.151	0.813
IV fluid	1.717	0.312	0.177	1.104, 2.330	< 0.001
Cardiac consult	-0.699	0.657	-0.033	-1.988, 0.590	0.287
Diet	-0.196	0.279	-0.023	-0.744, 0.352	0.483
X-ray ≤ 1 day	-0.322	0.611	-0.016	-1.520, 0.877	0.599
Echo ≤ 1 day	-0.083	0.276	-0.009	-0.625, 0.459	0.763
Max respiratory	0.051	0.011	0.155	0.029, 0.072	< 0.001
Min SpO₂	-0.017	0.017	-0.035	-0.049, 0.016	0.312
Min pulse	-0.016	0.011	-0.049	-0.037, 0.005	0.129
Max systolic	0.005	0.005	0.035	-0.004, 0.015	0.293
Abnormal albumin	1.121	0.333	0.112	0.467, 1.774	< 0.001
Abnormal creatinine	0.646	0.287	0.074	0.084, 1.209	0.024
Abnormal sodium	1.098	0.281	0.125	0.546, 1.650	< 0.001
Abnormal BNP	0.44	0.317	0.045	-0.182, 1.061	0.166

Table 6. Linear Regression for ICU Length of Stay

Factor

Unstandardized coefficients

Standardized coefficient

95% CI for B

P value

Standard error

CI: confidence interval; ICU: intensive care unit; GDMT: guideline-directed medical therapy; IV: intravenous; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; SpO₂: oxygen saturation.

(Constant)

1.572

2.332

-3.004, 6.149

0.5

Readmit

-0.145

0.366

-0.012

-0.864, 0.573

0.692

Age

-0.007

0.011

-0.019

-0.029, 0.015

0.555

Sex

0.554

0.269

0.064

0.026, 1.081

0.04

Race (other)

-0.108

0.579

-0.006

-1.245, 1.028

0.852

Race (black)

-0.258

0.497

-0.016

-1.233, 0.718

0.604

GDMT

0.55

0.293

0.06

-0.025, 1.126

0.061

Diuretic > 2 h

1.047

0.348

0.123

0.365, 1.729

0.003

Diuretic time, never

-0.37

0.392

-0.04

-1.138, 0.399

0.346

Elixhauser

0.016

0.069

0.008

-0.119, 0.151

0.813

IV fluid

1.717

0.312

0.177

1.104, 2.330

< 0.001

Cardiac consult

-0.699

0.657

-0.033

-1.988, 0.590

0.287

Diet

-0.196

0.279

-0.023

-0.744, 0.352

0.483

X-ray ≤ 1 day

-0.322

0.611

-0.016

-1.520, 0.877

0.599

Echo ≤ 1 day

-0.083

0.276

-0.009

-0.625, 0.459

0.763

Max respiratory

0.051

0.011

0.155

0.029, 0.072

< 0.001

Min SpO₂

-0.017

0.017

-0.035

-0.049, 0.016

0.312

Min pulse

-0.016

0.011

-0.049

-0.037, 0.005

0.129

Max systolic

0.005

0.035

-0.004, 0.015

0.293

Abnormal albumin

1.121

0.333

0.112

0.467, 1.774

< 0.001

Abnormal creatinine

0.646

0.287

0.074

0.084, 1.209

0.024

Abnormal sodium

1.098

0.281

0.125

0.546, 1.650

< 0.001

Abnormal BNP

0.44

0.317

0.045

-0.182, 1.061

0.166