Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 15, Number 2, April 2024, pages 117-124

Insights Into Differences in Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Hispanic Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Figure 1. Relationship of baseline hemodynamic profiles between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients, with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), pulmonary arterial pulse pressure (PAPP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), pulmonary arterial compliance (PAc), and resistance-compliance (RC) time significantly different between both groups. All values are recorded as mean ± standard deviation.

Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier survival estimate: 5-year survival in (a) Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients; (b) Hispanic patients with pulmonary arterial compliance (PAc) of 1.36 mL/mm Hg; c) non-Hispanic patients with PAc of 1.0 mL/mm Hg.

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of All Cohort
	All (n = 226)	Hispanic (n = 138)	Non-Hispanic (n = 88)	P
Data are shown as mean (standard deviation), except for gender (%). P-values for continuous variables were calculated by Spearman rank correlation, Chi-square test for gender, and t-test for WHO-FC. *Statistically significant. BMI: body mass index; IPAH: idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension; CTD: connective tissue disease; CHD: congenital heart disease; PoPAH: porto-pulmonary arterial hypertension; WHO-FC: World Health Organization Functional Classification; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; SPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; DPAP: diastolic pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PP: pulse pressure; PA: pulmonary arterial; CI: cardiac index; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; SV: stroke volume; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance.
Age	56.3 (14.7)	57.7 (14.6)	54.0 (14.5)	0.064
Gender (%)	74.3	76.1	71.6	0.597
BMI	26.4 (6.9)	27.5 (8.5)	25.4 (3.9)	0.002*
WHO-group				0.043*
IPAH	149 (65.9%)	83 (60.1%)	66 (75%)
CTD-PAH	41 (18.1%)	28 (20.3%)	13 (14.8%)
CHD-PAH	30 (13.3%)	25 (18.1%)	5 (5.7%)
PoPAH	5 (2.2%)	1 (0.7%)	4 (4.5%)
HIV	1 (0.4%)	1 (0.7%)	0
WHO-FC	3.0 (0.5)	3.0 (0.5)	3.0 (0.4)	0.506
6MWD (m)	340 (117)	352 (121)	320 (109)	0.047*
SPAP	77.6 (20.9)	71.5 (18.7)	81.7 (21.0)	0.004*
DPAP	29.7 (9.7)	28.9 (10.6)	31.1 (8.4)	0.062
mPAP	45.7 (12.5)	43.2 (11.8)	49.8 (12.1)	0.001*
PP (mm Hg)	48.9 (15.6)	42.6 (13.0)	58.6 (14.3)	0.001*
PCWP	9.5 (2.7)	9.0 (2.9)	11.4 (2.8)	0.150
CI (mL/min/m²)	2.3 (0.7)	2.4 (0.8)	2.2 (0.7)	0.094
PVR (WU)	11.5 (6.3)	9.9 (6.8)	11.7 (5.2)	0.024*
SV (mL)	53.9 (10.3)	53.3 (14)	54.9 (18)	0.058
PAc (mL/mm Hg)	1.23 (0.61)	1.36 (0.64)	1.0 (0.48)	0.020*
RC time (s)	0.68 (0.24)	0.73 (0.21)	0.61 (0.18)	0.011*

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of All Cohort

All (n = 226)

Hispanic (n = 138)

Non-Hispanic (n = 88)

Data are shown as mean (standard deviation), except for gender (%). P-values for continuous variables were calculated by Spearman rank correlation, Chi-square test for gender, and t-test for WHO-FC. *Statistically significant. BMI: body mass index; IPAH: idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension; CTD: connective tissue disease; CHD: congenital heart disease; PoPAH: porto-pulmonary arterial hypertension; WHO-FC: World Health Organization Functional Classification; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; SPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; DPAP: diastolic pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PP: pulse pressure; PA: pulmonary arterial; CI: cardiac index; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; SV: stroke volume; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance.

Age

56.3 (14.7)

57.7 (14.6)

54.0 (14.5)

0.064

Gender (%)

74.3

76.1

71.6

0.597

BMI

26.4 (6.9)

27.5 (8.5)

25.4 (3.9)

0.002*

WHO-group

0.043*

IPAH

149 (65.9%)

83 (60.1%)

66 (75%)

CTD-PAH

41 (18.1%)

28 (20.3%)

13 (14.8%)

CHD-PAH

30 (13.3%)

25 (18.1%)

5 (5.7%)

PoPAH

5 (2.2%)

1 (0.7%)

4 (4.5%)

HIV

1 (0.4%)

1 (0.7%)

WHO-FC

3.0 (0.5)

3.0 (0.4)

0.506

6MWD (m)

340 (117)

352 (121)

320 (109)

0.047*

SPAP

77.6 (20.9)

71.5 (18.7)

81.7 (21.0)

0.004*

DPAP

29.7 (9.7)

28.9 (10.6)

31.1 (8.4)

0.062

mPAP

45.7 (12.5)

43.2 (11.8)

49.8 (12.1)

0.001*

PP (mm Hg)

48.9 (15.6)

42.6 (13.0)

58.6 (14.3)

0.001*

PCWP

9.5 (2.7)

9.0 (2.9)

11.4 (2.8)

0.150

CI (mL/min/m²)

2.3 (0.7)

2.4 (0.8)

2.2 (0.7)

0.094

PVR (WU)

11.5 (6.3)

9.9 (6.8)

11.7 (5.2)

0.024*

SV (mL)

53.9 (10.3)

53.3 (14)

54.9 (18)

0.058

PAc (mL/mm Hg)

1.23 (0.61)

1.36 (0.64)

1.0 (0.48)

0.020*

RC time (s)

0.68 (0.24)

0.73 (0.21)

0.61 (0.18)

0.011*