Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 15, Number 5, October 2024, pages 358-368

Evaluating the Prognostic Value of the Modified H₂FPEF Score in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier analyses for primary (a) and secondary (b) endpoints according to the modified H₂FPEF scores by BMI ≥ 25 kg/m². BMI: body mass index.

Figure 3. ROC curves for the modified H₂FPEF scores by BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² to predict primary (a) and secondary (b) endpoints in HFpEF patients. BMI: body mass index; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; ROC: receiver operating characteristic.

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of HFpEF Patients According to the Modified H₂FPEF Score
	All patients (n = 497)	Low-score group (0 - 3 points) (n = 107)	Intermediate-score group (4 - 6 points) (n = 204)	High-score group (7 - 9 points) (n = 186)	P
HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; NYHA: New York Heart Association; Cre: creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; UA: uric acid; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; TC: cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; LVED: left ventricular end diastolic; LAD: left atrial diameter; RAD: right atrial diameter; RVD: right ventricle diameter; IVST: interventricular septal thickness; LVPW: left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; E/e’: mitral Doppler early velocity/mitral annular early velocity; PAP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; CCB: calcium channel blockers; HMG-CoA: β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillators; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft. ^#Compared with low-score group, P < 0.05. *Compared with intermediate-score group, P < 0.05. ^&Compared with low-score group, P < 0.05.
The modified H₂FPEF score	5.48 ± 2.18	2.43 ± 0.79	4.95 ± 0.79^&	7.81 ± 0.77^#*	< 0.001
Age (years)	69.05 ± 10.47	66.79 ± 13.10	69.15 ± 9.44^&	70.25 ± 9.65^#	0.024
Female (%)	288 (57.9)	60 (56.1)	108 (52.9)	120 (64.5)	0.062
BMI (kg/m²)	25.99 ± 3.57	24.12 ± 3.04	25.44 ± 3.58	27.68 ± 3.08	< 0.001
SBP (mm Hg)	135.30 ± 20.78	133.07 ± 20.00	136.28 ± 21.52	135.52 ± 20.78	0.428
DBP (mm Hg)	79.02 ± 13.07	75.68 ± 11.05	78.84 ± 14.04^&	81.15 ± 12.65^#*	0.002
Heart rate	82.85 ± 25.95	77.68 ± 25.70	81.15 ± 26.49	87.68 ± 24.81^#*	0.003
Smoking (%)	100 (20.1)	19 (17.8)	32 (15.7)	24 (12.9)	0.510
Hypertension (%)	358 (72.0)	61 (57.0)	151 (74.0)	146 (78.5)	< 0.001
Diabetes (%)	123 (24.7)	21 (19.6)	55 (27.0)	47 (25.3)	0.355
Atrial fibrillation (%)	271 (54.5)	1 (0.9)	84 (41.2)	186 (100.0)	< 0.001
Abnormal of thyroid function (%)	137 (27.6)	28 (26.2)	53 (26.0)	56 (30.1)	0.607
Ischemic heart disease (%)	258 (51.9)	54 (50.5)	102 (50.0)	102 (54.8)	0.599
Previous hospitalization for HF (%)	130 (26.2)	10 (9.3)	39 (19.1)	81 (43.5)	< 0.001
NYHA
I (%)	1 (0.2)	-	-	1 (0.5)	-
II (%)	322 (64.8)	78 (72.9)	147 (72.1)	97 (52.5)	< 0.05
III (%)	147 (29.6)	25 (29.8)	46 (22.5)	76 (40.9)	< 0.05
IV (%)	27 (5.4)	4 (3.7)	11 (5.4)	12 (6.5)	< 0.05
Blood test
BNP (pmol/L)	385.94 ± 336.24	407.48 ± 361.30	347.37 ± 286.62	411.74 ± 364.63	0.251
Cre (µmol/L)	77.04 ± 22.80	71.82 ± 20.78	77.68 ± 24.11	79.34 ± 22.07	0.021
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	77.96 ± 19.09	83.52 ± 18.02	78.01 ± 19.42^&	74.70 ± 18.67^#	0.001
UA (µmol/L)	341.35 ± 103.14	318.58 ± 98.43	333.70 ± 103.18	362.85 ± 102.26^#*	0.001
ALT (U/L)	21.44 ± 18.36	20.05 ± 16.27	21.69 ± 17.59	21.98 ± 20.27	0.669
AST (U/L)	22.22 ± 13.20	23.07 ± 17.04	21.81 ± 12.62	22.18 ± 11.20	0.724
Hemoglobin (g/L)	130.94 ± 19.54	126.70 ± 20.09	131.45 ± 19.52^&	132.83 ± 18.96^#	0.031
K⁺ (mmol/L)	4.00 ± 0.47	3.99 ± 0.45	4.05 ± 0.46	3.95 ± 0.49	0.153
Na⁺ (mmol/L)	142.50 ± 3.19	142.50 ± 3.25	142.30 ± 3.25	142.72 ± 3.10	0.438
Serum glucose (mmol/L)	5.46 ± 2.05	5.26 ± 1.47	5.63 ± 2.56	5.39 ± 1.67	0.261
HbA1c (%)	6.25 ± 1.17	6.14 ± 1.03	6.33 ± 1.26	6.23 ± 1.14	0.409
TC (mmol/L)	3.95 ± 0.96	3.89 ± 0.85	4.06 ± 1.02	3.87 ± 0.93	0.095
TG (mmol/L)	1.32 ± 0.72	1.30 ± 0.65	1.37 ± 0.88	1.28 ± 0.56	0.465
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.44 ± 0.83	2.35 ± 0.74	2.54 ± 0.87	2.39 ± 0.83	0.087
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.14 ± 0.28	1.19 ± 0.33	1.14 ± 0.27	1.12 ± 0.26	0.118
Echocardiography
e' (cm/s)	5.48 ± 1.79	5.50 ± 2.03	5.48 ± 1.97	5.48±1.38	0.997
LVMI (g/m)	112.46 ± 28.26	115.13 ± 33.49	111.16 ± 29.13	112.35 ± 23.70	0.501
LVED (mm)	46.18 ± 4.53	45.95 ± 4.69	45.97 ± 4.70	46.55 ± 4.23	0.370
LAD (mm)	37.86 ± 5.15	35.35 ± 4.76	37.12 ± 4.99^&	40.13 ± 4.62^#*	< 0.001
RVD (mm)	22.21 ± 4.97	21.39 ± 2.66	22.63 ± 5.82	22.20 ± 4.93	0.112
IVST (mm)	10.15 ± 1.31	10.09 ± 1.41	10.06 ± 1.32	10.29 ± 1.24	0.202
LVPW (mm)	10.10 ± 1.29	10.01 ± 1.46	10.02 ± 1.29	10.24 ± 1.19	0.178
RAD (mm)	47.64 ± 6.58	44.37 ± 5.07	46.90 ± 5.67^&	50.32 ± 7.23^#*	< 0.001
LVEF (%)	62.00 ± 4.89	61.63 ± 5.48	62.20 ± 4.62	62.00 ± 4.83	0.629
E/e’	15.56 ± 7.23	13.50 ± 5.90	15.47 ± 7.63^&	16.85 ± 7.22^#	0.001
PAP (mm Hg)	33.26 ± 8.99	29.29 ± 5.86	33.25 ± 9.41^&	35.55 ± 9.24^#*	< 0.001
Drug therapy
Beta-blocker (%)	298 (60.0)	60 (56.1)	123 (60.3)	115 (61.8)	0.621
ACEI/ARB (%)	173 (34.8)	32 (29.9)	81 (39.7)	60 (32.3)	0.148
Spironolactone (%)	212 (42.7)	19 (17.8)	95 (46.6)	98 (52.7)	< 0.001
Loop diuretic (%)	368 (74.0)	72 (67.3)	142 (69.6)	154 (82.8)	0.002
CCB (%)	160 (32.2)	37 (34.6)	65 (31.9)	58 (31.2)	0.828
Digoxin (%)	21 (3.8)	2 (1.9)	10 (4.9)	9 (4.8)	0.392
Antiplatelet drug (%)	286 (57.5)	63 (58.9)	127 (62.3)	96 (51.6)	0.100
Anticoagulant drug (%)	410 (82.5)	76 (71.0)	161 (78.9)	173 (93.0)	< 0.001
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor	372 (74.8)	83 (77.6)	146 (71.6)	143 (76.9)	0.369
Intervention therapy
PCI (%)	79 (15.9)	21 (19.6)	38 (18.6)	20 (10.8)	0.051
Radiofrequency ablation (%)	141 (28.4)	27 (25.2)	51 (25.0)	63 (33.9)	0.109
ICD (%)	72 (14.5)	19 (17.8)	32 (15.7)	21 (11.3)	0.260
CABG (%)	7 (1.4)	1 (0.9)	5 (2.5)	1 (0.5)	0.248

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of HFpEF Patients According to the Modified H₂FPEF Score

All patients (n = 497)

Low-score group (0 - 3 points) (n = 107)

Intermediate-score group (4 - 6 points) (n = 204)

High-score group (7 - 9 points) (n = 186)

HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; NYHA: New York Heart Association; Cre: creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; UA: uric acid; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; TC: cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; LVED: left ventricular end diastolic; LAD: left atrial diameter; RAD: right atrial diameter; RVD: right ventricle diameter; IVST: interventricular septal thickness; LVPW: left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; E/e’: mitral Doppler early velocity/mitral annular early velocity; PAP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; CCB: calcium channel blockers; HMG-CoA: β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillators; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft. ^#Compared with low-score group, P < 0.05. *Compared with intermediate-score group, P < 0.05. ^&Compared with low-score group, P < 0.05.

The modified H₂FPEF score

5.48 ± 2.18

2.43 ± 0.79

4.95 ± 0.79^&

7.81 ± 0.77^#*

< 0.001

Age (years)

69.05 ± 10.47

66.79 ± 13.10

69.15 ± 9.44^&

70.25 ± 9.65^#

0.024

Female (%)

288 (57.9)

60 (56.1)

108 (52.9)

120 (64.5)

0.062

BMI (kg/m²)

25.99 ± 3.57

24.12 ± 3.04

25.44 ± 3.58

27.68 ± 3.08

< 0.001

SBP (mm Hg)

135.30 ± 20.78

133.07 ± 20.00

136.28 ± 21.52

135.52 ± 20.78

0.428

DBP (mm Hg)

79.02 ± 13.07

75.68 ± 11.05

78.84 ± 14.04^&

81.15 ± 12.65^#*

0.002

Heart rate

82.85 ± 25.95

77.68 ± 25.70

81.15 ± 26.49

87.68 ± 24.81^#*

0.003

Smoking (%)

100 (20.1)

19 (17.8)

32 (15.7)

24 (12.9)

0.510

Hypertension (%)

358 (72.0)

61 (57.0)

151 (74.0)

146 (78.5)

< 0.001

Diabetes (%)

123 (24.7)

21 (19.6)

55 (27.0)

47 (25.3)

0.355

Atrial fibrillation (%)

271 (54.5)

1 (0.9)

84 (41.2)

186 (100.0)

< 0.001

Abnormal of thyroid function (%)

137 (27.6)

28 (26.2)

53 (26.0)

56 (30.1)

0.607

Ischemic heart disease (%)

258 (51.9)

54 (50.5)

102 (50.0)

102 (54.8)

0.599

Previous hospitalization for HF (%)

130 (26.2)

10 (9.3)

39 (19.1)

81 (43.5)

< 0.001

NYHA

I (%)

1 (0.2)

1 (0.5)

II (%)

322 (64.8)

78 (72.9)

147 (72.1)

97 (52.5)

< 0.05

III (%)

147 (29.6)

25 (29.8)

46 (22.5)

76 (40.9)

< 0.05

IV (%)

27 (5.4)

4 (3.7)

11 (5.4)

12 (6.5)

< 0.05

Blood test

BNP (pmol/L)

385.94 ± 336.24

407.48 ± 361.30

347.37 ± 286.62

411.74 ± 364.63

0.251

Cre (µmol/L)

77.04 ± 22.80

71.82 ± 20.78

77.68 ± 24.11

79.34 ± 22.07

0.021

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

77.96 ± 19.09

83.52 ± 18.02

78.01 ± 19.42^&

74.70 ± 18.67^#

0.001

UA (µmol/L)

341.35 ± 103.14

318.58 ± 98.43

333.70 ± 103.18

362.85 ± 102.26^#*

0.001

ALT (U/L)

21.44 ± 18.36

20.05 ± 16.27

21.69 ± 17.59

21.98 ± 20.27

0.669

AST (U/L)

22.22 ± 13.20

23.07 ± 17.04

21.81 ± 12.62

22.18 ± 11.20

0.724

Hemoglobin (g/L)

130.94 ± 19.54

126.70 ± 20.09

131.45 ± 19.52^&

132.83 ± 18.96^#

0.031

K⁺ (mmol/L)

4.00 ± 0.47

3.99 ± 0.45

4.05 ± 0.46

3.95 ± 0.49

0.153

Na⁺ (mmol/L)

142.50 ± 3.19

142.50 ± 3.25

142.30 ± 3.25

142.72 ± 3.10

0.438

Serum glucose (mmol/L)

5.46 ± 2.05

5.26 ± 1.47

5.63 ± 2.56

5.39 ± 1.67

0.261

HbA1c (%)

6.25 ± 1.17

6.14 ± 1.03

6.33 ± 1.26

6.23 ± 1.14

0.409

TC (mmol/L)

3.95 ± 0.96

3.89 ± 0.85

4.06 ± 1.02

3.87 ± 0.93

0.095

TG (mmol/L)

1.32 ± 0.72

1.30 ± 0.65

1.37 ± 0.88

1.28 ± 0.56

0.465

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.44 ± 0.83

2.35 ± 0.74

2.54 ± 0.87

2.39 ± 0.83

0.087

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.14 ± 0.28

1.19 ± 0.33

1.14 ± 0.27

1.12 ± 0.26

0.118

Echocardiography

e' (cm/s)

5.48 ± 1.79

5.50 ± 2.03

5.48 ± 1.97

5.48±1.38

0.997

LVMI (g/m)

112.46 ± 28.26

115.13 ± 33.49

111.16 ± 29.13

112.35 ± 23.70

0.501

LVED (mm)

46.18 ± 4.53

45.95 ± 4.69

45.97 ± 4.70

46.55 ± 4.23

0.370

LAD (mm)

37.86 ± 5.15

35.35 ± 4.76

37.12 ± 4.99^&

40.13 ± 4.62^#*

< 0.001

RVD (mm)

22.21 ± 4.97

21.39 ± 2.66

22.63 ± 5.82

22.20 ± 4.93

0.112

IVST (mm)

10.15 ± 1.31

10.09 ± 1.41

10.06 ± 1.32

10.29 ± 1.24

0.202

LVPW (mm)

10.10 ± 1.29

10.01 ± 1.46

10.02 ± 1.29

10.24 ± 1.19

0.178

RAD (mm)

47.64 ± 6.58

44.37 ± 5.07

46.90 ± 5.67^&

50.32 ± 7.23^#*

< 0.001

LVEF (%)

62.00 ± 4.89

61.63 ± 5.48

62.20 ± 4.62

62.00 ± 4.83

0.629

E/e’

15.56 ± 7.23

13.50 ± 5.90

15.47 ± 7.63^&

16.85 ± 7.22^#

0.001

PAP (mm Hg)

33.26 ± 8.99

29.29 ± 5.86

33.25 ± 9.41^&

35.55 ± 9.24^#*

< 0.001

Drug therapy

Beta-blocker (%)

298 (60.0)

60 (56.1)

123 (60.3)

115 (61.8)

0.621

ACEI/ARB (%)

173 (34.8)

32 (29.9)

81 (39.7)

60 (32.3)

0.148

Spironolactone (%)

212 (42.7)

19 (17.8)

95 (46.6)

98 (52.7)

< 0.001

Loop diuretic (%)

368 (74.0)

72 (67.3)

142 (69.6)

154 (82.8)

0.002

CCB (%)

160 (32.2)

37 (34.6)

65 (31.9)

58 (31.2)

0.828

Digoxin (%)

21 (3.8)

2 (1.9)

10 (4.9)

9 (4.8)

0.392

Antiplatelet drug (%)

286 (57.5)

63 (58.9)

127 (62.3)

96 (51.6)

0.100

Anticoagulant drug (%)

410 (82.5)

76 (71.0)

161 (78.9)

173 (93.0)

< 0.001

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

372 (74.8)

83 (77.6)

146 (71.6)

143 (76.9)

0.369

Intervention therapy

PCI (%)

79 (15.9)

21 (19.6)

38 (18.6)

20 (10.8)

0.051

Radiofrequency ablation (%)

141 (28.4)

27 (25.2)

51 (25.0)

63 (33.9)

0.109

ICD (%)

72 (14.5)

19 (17.8)

32 (15.7)

21 (11.3)

0.260

CABG (%)

7 (1.4)

1 (0.9)

5 (2.5)

1 (0.5)

0.248

**Table 2.** Cardiovascular Events in the Study Groups According to the Modified H₂FPEF Score
	All patients (n = 497)	Low-score group (n = 107)	Intermediate-score group (n = 204)	High-score group (n = 186)	P
HF: heart failure.
HF-related events, n (%)	168 (33.8)	15 (14.0)	50 (24.5)	103 (55.4)	< 0.001
Cardiovascular death, n (%)	31 (6.2)	6 (5.6)	10 (4.9)	15 (8.1)	0.416
Hospitalization for HF decompensation, n (%)	148 (29.8)	13 (12.1)	45 (22.1)	90 (48.4)	< 0.001
Acute coronary syndrome events, n (%)	97 (19.5)	12 (11.2)	25 (12.3)	60 (32.2)	< 0.001
Non-fatal myocardial infarction, n (%)	15 (3.0)	5 (4.7)	4 (2.0)	6 (3.2)	0.405
Unstable angina pectoris, n (%)	82 (16.5)	7 (6.5)	21 (10.3)	54 (29.0)	< 0.001

Table 2. Cardiovascular Events in the Study Groups According to the Modified H₂FPEF Score

All patients (n = 497)

Low-score group (n = 107)

Intermediate-score group (n = 204)

High-score group (n = 186)

HF: heart failure.

HF-related events, n (%)

168 (33.8)

15 (14.0)

50 (24.5)

103 (55.4)

< 0.001

Cardiovascular death, n (%)

31 (6.2)

6 (5.6)

10 (4.9)

15 (8.1)

0.416

Hospitalization for HF decompensation, n (%)

148 (29.8)

13 (12.1)

45 (22.1)

90 (48.4)

< 0.001

Acute coronary syndrome events, n (%)

97 (19.5)

12 (11.2)

25 (12.3)

60 (32.2)

< 0.001

Non-fatal myocardial infarction, n (%)

15 (3.0)

5 (4.7)

4 (2.0)

6 (3.2)

0.405

Unstable angina pectoris, n (%)

82 (16.5)

7 (6.5)

21 (10.3)

54 (29.0)

< 0.001

**Table 3.** Cox Proportional Hazards Analysis of Cardiovascular Events in HFpEF Patients
	Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; HF: heart failure; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; BMI: body mass index; IVST: interventricular septal thickness; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; Cre: creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; UA: uric acid; LAD: left atrial diameter; RAD: right atrial diameter.
HF-related events
The modified H₂FPEF score	1.102 (1.059 - 1.147)	< 0.001	1.085 (1.038 - 1.134)	< 0.001
Female (%)	0.726 (0.529 - 0.996)	0.047
IVST (mm)	1.125 (1.010 - 1.254)	0.032
DBP (mm Hg)	0.998 (0.986 - 1.009)	0.689
Heart rate	1.001 (0.996 - 1.007)	0.636
Cre	1.002 (0.996 - 1.008)	0.491
eGFR	0.992 (0.984 - 0.999)	0.029
UA	1.001 (1.000 - 1.003)	0.090
Hemoglobin (g/L)	0.996 (0.989 - 1.004)	0.340
LAD (mm)	1.059 (1.029 - 1.091)	< 0.001
RAD (mm)	1.021 (0.999 - 1.044)	0.068
Spironolactone (%)	1.500 (1.108 - 2.030)	0.009
Loop diuretic (%)	1.266 (0.882 - 1.818)	0.200
Anticoagulant drug (%)	1.617 (1.033 - 2.531)	0.036
Digoxin	2.270 (1.288 - 4.001)	0.005	2.383 (1.1212 - 5.066)	0.024
Acute coronary syndrome events
The modified H₂FPEF score	1.072 (1.016 - 1.131)	0.011	-	-
Female (%)	0.919 (0.611 - 1.382)	0.684
DBP (mm Hg)	1.006 (0.992 - 1.021)	0.381
Heart rate	0.995 (0.987 - 1.003)	0.227
Cre	1.000 (0.991 - 1.008)	0.917
eGFR	0.998 (0.988 - 1.008)	0.701
UA	0.999 (0.997 - 1.001)	0.476
Hemoglobin (g/L)	1.002 (0.992 - 1.012)	0.701
LAD (mm)	1.0505 (0.996 - 1.044)	0.813
RAD (mm)	1.002 (0.971 - 1.034)	0.918
Spironolactone (%)	1.159 (0.777 - 1.727)	0.470
Loop diuretic (%)	1.609 (0.963 - 2.686)	0.069
Anticoagulant drug (%)	1.833 (0.977 - 3.438)	0.059

Table 3. Cox Proportional Hazards Analysis of Cardiovascular Events in HFpEF Patients

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

HR (95% CI)

CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; HF: heart failure; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; BMI: body mass index; IVST: interventricular septal thickness; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; Cre: creatinine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; UA: uric acid; LAD: left atrial diameter; RAD: right atrial diameter.

HF-related events

The modified H₂FPEF score

1.102 (1.059 - 1.147)

< 0.001

1.085 (1.038 - 1.134)

< 0.001

Female (%)

0.726 (0.529 - 0.996)

0.047

IVST (mm)

1.125 (1.010 - 1.254)

0.032

DBP (mm Hg)

0.998 (0.986 - 1.009)

0.689

Heart rate

1.001 (0.996 - 1.007)

0.636

Cre

1.002 (0.996 - 1.008)

0.491

eGFR

0.992 (0.984 - 0.999)

0.029

1.001 (1.000 - 1.003)

0.090

Hemoglobin (g/L)

0.996 (0.989 - 1.004)

0.340

LAD (mm)

1.059 (1.029 - 1.091)

< 0.001

RAD (mm)

1.021 (0.999 - 1.044)

0.068

Spironolactone (%)

1.500 (1.108 - 2.030)

0.009

Loop diuretic (%)

1.266 (0.882 - 1.818)

0.200

Anticoagulant drug (%)

1.617 (1.033 - 2.531)

0.036

Digoxin

2.270 (1.288 - 4.001)

0.005

2.383 (1.1212 - 5.066)

0.024

Acute coronary syndrome events

The modified H₂FPEF score

1.072 (1.016 - 1.131)

0.011

Female (%)

0.919 (0.611 - 1.382)

0.684

DBP (mm Hg)

1.006 (0.992 - 1.021)

0.381

Heart rate

0.995 (0.987 - 1.003)

0.227

Cre

1.000 (0.991 - 1.008)

0.917

eGFR

0.998 (0.988 - 1.008)

0.701

0.999 (0.997 - 1.001)

0.476

Hemoglobin (g/L)

1.002 (0.992 - 1.012)

0.701

LAD (mm)

1.0505 (0.996 - 1.044)

0.813

RAD (mm)

1.002 (0.971 - 1.034)

0.918

Spironolactone (%)

1.159 (0.777 - 1.727)

0.470

Loop diuretic (%)

1.609 (0.963 - 2.686)

0.069

Anticoagulant drug (%)

1.833 (0.977 - 3.438)

0.059