| Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org |
Original Article
Volume 3, Number 4, August 2012, pages 158-163
Adjunctive Pharmacotherapy for Elective Direct Current Cardioversion in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Tables
| Patient Characteristics | All Patients | Patients with follow up | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | ||||||||||||||||
| ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; DCCV: Direct current cardioversion; DHP: Dihydropyridine; LA: Left atrium; LV: Left ventricle; N: Total number of patients; n: Number of patients with characteristic; SD: Standard deviation. | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mean age (years) | 66.7 | (± 10.44) | 66.82 | ± 9.45 | |||||||||||||||
| Mean LA diameter (cm) | 4.46 | (± 0.68) | 4.47 | ± 0.74 | |||||||||||||||
| n/N | (%) | n/N | (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; DCCV: Direct current cardioversion; DHP: Dihydropyridine; LA: Left atrium; LV: Left ventricle; N: Total number of patients; n: Number of patients with characteristic; SD: Standard deviation. | |||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 98/130 | (75%) | 52/71 | (73%) | |||||||||||||||
| Previous DCCVs | |||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 107/130 | (82%) | 57/71 | (80%) | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 20/130 | (15%) | 11/71 | (15%) | |||||||||||||||
| 2 | 2/130 | (2%) | 2/71 | (3%) | |||||||||||||||
| 3 | 1/130 | (1%) | 1/71 | (1%) | |||||||||||||||
| LV Systolic Impairment | |||||||||||||||||||
| None | 102/130 | (79%) | 55/71 | (77%) | |||||||||||||||
| Mild | 13/130 | (10%) | 9/71 | (13%) | |||||||||||||||
| Moderate | 11/130 | (8%) | 5/71 | (7%) | |||||||||||||||
| Severe | 4/130 | (3%) | 2/71 | (3%) | |||||||||||||||
| Medication Usage | n/N | (%) | n/N | (%) | |||||||||||||||
| ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; DCCV: Direct current cardioversion; DHP: Dihydropyridine; LA: Left atrium; LV: Left ventricle; N: Total number of patients; n: Number of patients with characteristic; SD: Standard deviation. | |||||||||||||||||||
| ACE inhibitors | 48/130 | (37%) | 25/71 | (35%) | |||||||||||||||
| ARBs | 16/130 | (12%) | 7/71 | (10%) | |||||||||||||||
| Amiodarone | 13/130 | (10%) | 7/71 | (10%) | |||||||||||||||
| Flecainide | 14/130 | (12%) | 11/71 | (15%) | |||||||||||||||
| Sotalol | 4/130 | (3%) | 1/71 | (1%) | |||||||||||||||
| Beta Blockers | 96/130 | (74%) | 53/71 | (75%) | |||||||||||||||
| Calcium Channel Blockers (non-DHP) | 12/130 | (9%) | 7/71 | ||||||||||||||||
| Calcium Channel Blockers (DHP) | 15/130 | (12%) | 5/71 | (7%) | |||||||||||||||
| Aldosterone antagonists | 8/130 | (6%) | 5/71 | (7%) | |||||||||||||||
| Digoxin | 17/130 | (13%) | 9/71 | (13%) | |||||||||||||||
| Outcomes | n/N | (%) | n/N | (%) | |||||||||||||||
| ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; DCCV: Direct current cardioversion; DHP: Dihydropyridine; LA: Left atrium; LV: Left ventricle; N: Total number of patients; n: Number of patients with characteristic; SD: Standard deviation. | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sinus Rhythm | 105/130 | (81%) | 22/71 | (31%) | |||||||||||||||
| Independent variables | Odds Ratio | Standard Error | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| DCCV: Direct current cardioversion; LA: Left atrium; AF: Atrial fibrillation; RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. | |||
| RAAS inhibition | -0.11828 | ± 0.500 | 0.8131 |
| Age > 65 | 0.96359 | ± 0.5630 | 0.0870 |
| LA diameter | -0.10351 | ± 0.37118 | 0.7803 |
| Flecainide | 0.07556 | ± 1.03372 | 0.7803 |
| Amiodarone | -0.05231 | ± 0.84642 | 0.9507 |
| Sotalol | -2.51290 | ± 1.35484 | 0.0636 |
| Beta Blocker | 0.39456 | ± 0.53711 | 0.4626 |
| Previous AF | 0.84147 | ± 0.74584 | 0.2592 |
| Independent variables | Odds Ratio | Standard Error | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boldface: Statistically significant; DCCV: Direct current cardioversion; LA: Left atrium; AF: Atrial fibrillation; RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. | |||
| RAAS inhibition | -0.03084 | ± 0.38379 | 0.9360 |
| Age > 65 | -0.15822 | ± 0.39373 | 0.6878 |
| LA diameter | 0.12418 | ± 0.28257 | 0.6603 |
| Flecainide | 2.14121 | ± 0.93122 | 0.0215 |
| Amiodarone | 0.09986 | ± 0.61899 | 0.8718 |
| Sotalol | -2.04433 | ± 1.3987 | 0.1439 |
| Beta Blocker | -0.11358 | ± 0.44340 | 0.7978 |
| Previous AF | -0.44791 | ± 0.54313 | 0.4096 |