Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 3, Number 5, October 2012, pages 222-229

Association Between High Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and MMP-9 (-1562C>T) Polymorphism in Patients With ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction

Figure 1. Serum MMP-9 level was significantly higher in subjects with STEMI than those in subjects with NSTEACS.

Figure 2. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) of serum MMP-9 level to predict STEMI. Trade-off between sensitivity and specificity was best characterized at 1,334.5 ng/mL (arrow), which gave a sensitivity of 58.1% and specificity of 71.8%.

Figure 3. Proportion of MMP-9 (-1562C>T) polymorphism between subjects with STEMI and NSTEACS in association with serum MMP-9 level. MMP-9 (-1,562C>T) polymorphism associated with high serum MMP-9 (> 1334.5 ng/mL) level in STEMI subjects, inversely MMP-9 (-1,562C>T) polymorphism associated with low serum MMP-9 (≤ 1,334.5 ng/mL) in NSTEACS subjects (Fisher exact test: estimated risk 4, P = 0.048).

**Table 1.** Characteristics of Subjects Divided by Subjects With STEMI and NSTEACS
Variables	STEMI (n = 31)	NSTEACS (n = 39)	P value
Demography
Gender, n (%)			0.09
Male	28 (49.1%)	29 (50.9%)
Female	3 (23.1%)	10 (76.9%)
Age (years), mean ± SD	56.2 ± 11.3	60.4 ± 9.9	0.10
Risk factors, n (%)
Diabetes mellitus	8 (40%)	12 (60%)	0.65
Hypertension	17 (38.6%)	27 (61.4%)	0.22
Current smoking	20 (45.5%)	24 (54.5%)	0.79
Dyslipidemia	18(38.3%)	29 (61.7%)	0.15
Clinical Presentation
Onset (h), mean ± SD	5.9 ± 5.8	9.6 ± 7.6	0.02
Killip class, n (%)			0.84
Killip class I	26 (44.8%)	32 (55.2%)
Killip class II-IV	5 (41.7%)	7 (58.3%)
Laboratory Results
Haematology, mean ± SD
Haemoglobin (g/dL)	13.5 ± 2.2	13.6 ± 1.8	0.98
Leucocyte count (10³/mm³)	13.8 ± 4.6	10.0 ± 3.3	< 0.001
Platelet count (10³/mm³)	278.3 ± 72.9	251.5 ± 75.0	0.14
Chemistry, mean ± SD
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.4 ± 0.6	1.6 ± 1.6	0.57
Glucose (mg/dL)	173.5 ± 100.4	150.6 ± 65.7	0.13
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	202.3 ± 49.2	181.8 ± 53.4	0.10
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	135.1 ± 44.9	109.6 ± 38.8	0.01
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	40.6 ± 9.0	36.5 ± 13.5	0.15
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	117.2 ± 54.9	162.3 ± 115.8	0.07

Table 1. Characteristics of Subjects Divided by Subjects With STEMI and NSTEACS

Variables

STEMI (n = 31)

NSTEACS (n = 39)

P value

Demography

Gender, n (%)

0.09

Male

28 (49.1%)

29 (50.9%)

Female

3 (23.1%)

10 (76.9%)

Age (years), mean ± SD

56.2 ± 11.3

60.4 ± 9.9

0.10

Risk factors, n (%)

Diabetes mellitus

8 (40%)

12 (60%)

0.65

Hypertension

17 (38.6%)

27 (61.4%)

0.22

Current smoking

20 (45.5%)

24 (54.5%)

0.79

Dyslipidemia

18(38.3%)

29 (61.7%)

0.15

Clinical Presentation

Onset (h), mean ± SD

5.9 ± 5.8

9.6 ± 7.6

0.02

Killip class, n (%)

0.84

Killip class I

26 (44.8%)

32 (55.2%)

Killip class II-IV

5 (41.7%)

7 (58.3%)

Laboratory Results

Haematology, mean ± SD

Haemoglobin (g/dL)

13.5 ± 2.2

13.6 ± 1.8

0.98

Leucocyte count (10³/mm³)

13.8 ± 4.6

10.0 ± 3.3

< 0.001

Platelet count (10³/mm³)

278.3 ± 72.9

251.5 ± 75.0

0.14

Chemistry, mean ± SD

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.4 ± 0.6

1.6 ± 1.6

0.57

Glucose (mg/dL)

173.5 ± 100.4

150.6 ± 65.7

0.13

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

202.3 ± 49.2

181.8 ± 53.4

0.10

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

135.1 ± 44.9

109.6 ± 38.8

0.01

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

40.6 ± 9.0

36.5 ± 13.5

0.15

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

117.2 ± 54.9

162.3 ± 115.8

0.07

**Table 2.** Independent Variables Associated With STEMI
Variables	β	Adjusted OR	95%CI OR	P value
Onset (hour)	-0.116	0.891	0.796 - 0.996	0.043
Leucocyte count	0.271	1.311	1.110 - 1.550	0.003
MMP-9 level	0.002	1.002	1.001 - 1.003	0.003

Table 2. Independent Variables Associated With STEMI

Variables

Adjusted OR

95%CI OR

P value

Onset (hour)

-0.116

0.891

0.796 - 0.996

0.043

Leucocyte count

0.271

1.311

1.110 - 1.550

0.003

MMP-9 level

0.002

1.002

1.001 - 1.003

0.003

**Table 3.** High Serum MMP-9 Level and Prevalence Ratio in STEMI
MMP-9 level (ng/mL)	STEMI (n = 31)	NSTEACS (n = 39)	Prevalence Ratio (PR) (95%CI)	P value
High MMP-9 ( >1,334.5)	18 (62.1%)	11 (37.9%)	1.96 (1.30 - 9.50)	0.012
Low MMP-9 (≤ 1,334.5)	13 (31.7%)	28 (68.3%)

Table 3. High Serum MMP-9 Level and Prevalence Ratio in STEMI

MMP-9 level (ng/mL)

STEMI (n = 31)

NSTEACS (n = 39)

Prevalence Ratio (PR) (95%CI)

P value

High MMP-9 ( >1,334.5)

18 (62.1%)

11 (37.9%)

1.96 (1.30 - 9.50)

0.012

Low MMP-9 (≤ 1,334.5)

13 (31.7%)

28 (68.3%)

**Table 4.** The MMP-9 (-1562C>T) Polymorphism Frequencies Based on the Transition Alleles
MMP-9 (−1562C>T) polymorphism	STEMI (n = 31)	NSTEACS (n = 39)	Total (n = 70)
MMP-9 (-1562C>T) genotypes
Heterozygote C>T, n (%)	6 (19.4%)	2 (5.1%)	8 (11.4%)
Homozygote C>C, n (%)	25 (80.6%)	36 ((92.3%)	61 (87.1%)
Homozygote T>T, n (%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.6%)	1 (1.4%)
MMP-9 (-1562C>T) alleles
C alleles	56 (90.3%)	74 (94.9)	130 (92.9)
T alleles	6 (9.7%)	4 (5.1%)	10 (7.1)

Table 4. The MMP-9 (-1562C>T) Polymorphism Frequencies Based on the Transition Alleles

MMP-9 (−1562C>T) polymorphism

STEMI (n = 31)

NSTEACS (n = 39)

Total (n = 70)

MMP-9 (-1562C>T) genotypes

Heterozygote C>T, n (%)

6 (19.4%)

2 (5.1%)

8 (11.4%)

Homozygote C>C, n (%)

25 (80.6%)

36 ((92.3%)

61 (87.1%)

Homozygote T>T, n (%)

0 (0%)

1 (2.6%)

1 (1.4%)

MMP-9 (-1562C>T) alleles

C alleles

56 (90.3%)

74 (94.9)

130 (92.9)

T alleles

6 (9.7%)

4 (5.1%)

10 (7.1)