Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 2, Number 2, April 2011, pages 58-65

The Acute Impact of Smoking One Cigarette on Cardiac Hemodynamic Parameters

**Table 1.** Statistical Analysis Parameters Measured Before and After Smoking (All N = 14)
Parameter	LS means	Ratio (after/before)
The parameters were analyzed with ANOVA, treatment (pre- or post-smoking) and treatment* gender as fixed factors and subject as a random factor.
The values were (natural) LOG transformed before (and back transformed after) statistical analysis.
*indicates if the P-value is above 0.05 (no alpha level was pre-defined).
VPK	1.04	1.23	1.18	1.08	1.30	0.0019
PMN	2.05	2.83	1.38	1.20	1.59	0.0003
HR	69.7	76.0	1.09	1.04	1.14	0.0013
MD	14.5	19.6	1.35	1.23	1.48	< 0.0001
ET%	34.9	40.5	1.16	1.12	1.20	< 0.0001
SV	69.9	86.0	1.23	1.15	1.32	< 0.0001
SVI	35.3	43.2	1.22	1.14	1.32	< 0.0001
COP	4.89	6.51	1.33	1.22	1.46	< 0.0001
CI	2.45	3.30	1.35	1.22	1.49	< 0.0001
SBP	130	135	1.04	0.98	1.10	0.1987*
DBP	81.5	83.6	1.03	0.98	1.07	0.1968*
PP	48.1	51.1	1.06	0.96	1.18	0.2327*
MBP	97.8	101	1.03	0.98	1.08	0.1815*
HR x PP	3351	3882	1.16	1.01	1.32	0.0323

Table 1. Statistical Analysis Parameters Measured Before and After Smoking (All N = 14)

Parameter

LS means

Ratio (after/before)

Geometric mean

Confidence interval 95%

Pr > |t| *

Before

After

Lower

Upper

The parameters were analyzed with ANOVA, treatment (pre- or post-smoking) and treatment* gender as fixed factors and subject as a random factor.

The values were (natural) LOG transformed before (and back transformed after) statistical analysis.

*indicates if the P-value is above 0.05 (no alpha level was pre-defined).

VPK

1.04

1.23

1.18

1.08

1.30

0.0019

PMN

2.05

2.83

1.38

1.20

1.59

0.0003

69.7

76.0

1.09

1.04

1.14

0.0013

14.5

19.6

1.35

1.23

1.48

< 0.0001

ET%

34.9

40.5

1.16

1.12

1.20

< 0.0001

69.9

86.0

1.23

1.15

1.32

< 0.0001

SVI

35.3

43.2

1.22

1.14

1.32

< 0.0001

COP

4.89

6.51

1.33

1.22

1.46

< 0.0001

2.45

3.30

1.35

1.22

1.49

< 0.0001

SBP

130

135

1.04

0.98

1.10

0.1987*

DBP

81.5

83.6

1.03

0.98

1.07

0.1968*

48.1

51.1

1.06

0.96

1.18

0.2327*

MBP

97.8

101

1.03

0.98

1.08

0.1815*

HR x PP

3351

3882

1.16

1.01

1.32

0.0323

**Table 2.** Statistical Analysis Parameters Measured Before and After Smoking (Female N = 11)
Parameter	LS means	Ratio (after/before)
The parameters were analyzed with ANOVA, treatment (pre- or post-smoking) and treatment* gender as fixed factors and subject as a random factor.
The values were (natural) LOG transformed before (and back transformed after) statistical analysis.
*indicates if the P-value is above 0.05 (no alpha level was pre-defined).
VPK	1.21	1.39	1.16	1.06	1.26	0.0032
PMN	2.61	3.39	1.30	1.14	1.48	0.0010
HR	75.8	78.4	1.03	0.99	1.08	0.1078*
MD	19.9	24.6	1.24	1.14	1.35	0.0002
ET%	43.0	46.8	1.09	1.05	1.12	0.0001
SV	85.7	102	1.19	1.12	1.27	< 0.0001
SVI	44.9	53.5	1.19	1.11	1.27	< 0.0001
COP	6.50	7.93	1.22	1.12	1.33	0.0002
CI	3.40	4.18	1.23	1.12	1.35	0.0004
SBP	129	132	1.02	0.97	1.08	0.4344*
DBP	75.6	78.3	1.03	1.00	1.08	0.0760*
PP	53.1	53.1	1.00	0.91	1.10	0.9937*
MBP	93.5	96.2	1.03	0.98	1.07	0.1924*
HR x PP	4029	4167	1.03	0.92	1.17	0.5579*

Table 2. Statistical Analysis Parameters Measured Before and After Smoking (Female N = 11)

Parameter

LS means

Ratio (after/before)

Geometric mean

Confidence interval 95%

Pr > |t| *

Before

After

Lower

Upper

The parameters were analyzed with ANOVA, treatment (pre- or post-smoking) and treatment* gender as fixed factors and subject as a random factor.

The values were (natural) LOG transformed before (and back transformed after) statistical analysis.

*indicates if the P-value is above 0.05 (no alpha level was pre-defined).

VPK

1.21

1.39

1.16

1.06

1.26

0.0032

PMN

2.61

3.39

1.30

1.14

1.48

0.0010

75.8

78.4

1.03

0.99

1.08

0.1078*

19.9

24.6

1.24

1.14

1.35

0.0002

ET%

43.0

46.8

1.09

1.05

1.12

0.0001

85.7

102

1.19

1.12

1.27

< 0.0001

SVI

44.9

53.5

1.19

1.11

1.27

< 0.0001

COP

6.50

7.93

1.22

1.12

1.33

0.0002

3.40

4.18

1.23

1.12

1.35

0.0004

SBP

129

132

1.02

0.97

1.08

0.4344*

DBP

75.6

78.3

1.03

1.00

1.08

0.0760*

53.1

1.00

0.91

1.10

0.9937*

MBP

93.5

96.2

1.03

0.98

1.07

0.1924*

HR x PP

4029

4167

1.03

0.92

1.17

0.5579*

**Table 3.** Analysis Parameters Measured Before and After Smoking (Male N = 3)
Parameter	LS means	Ratio (after/before)
The parameters were analyzed with ANOVA, treatment (pre- or post-smoking) and treatment* gender as fixed factors and subject as a random factor.
The values were (natural) LOG transformed before (and back transformed after) statistical analysis.
*indicates if the P-value is above 0.05 (no alpha level was pre-defined).
VPK	0.901	1.09	1.21	1.03	1.43	0.0256
PMN	1.61	2.37	1.47	1.14	1.88	0.0061
HR	64.0	73.6	1.15	1.06	1.25	0.0025
MD	10.5	15.5	1.48	1.25	1.74	0.0002
ET%	28.4	35.0	1.24	1.16	1.32	< 0.0001
SV	57.1	72.7	1.27	1.13	1.44	0.0010
SVI	27.7	34.9	1.26	1.11	1.43	0.0021
COP	3.67	5.34	1.45	1.24	1.71	0.0003
CI	1.76	2.62	1.49	1.24	1.77	0.0004
SBP	131	139	1.06	0.95	1.17	0.2877
DBP	87.7	89.3	1.02	0.95	1.10	0.6074
PP	43.6	49.1	1.13	0.94	1.36	0.1829
MBP	102	106	1.03	0.95	1.13	0.3968
HR x PP	2788	3616	1.30	1.03	1.64	0.0325

Table 3. Analysis Parameters Measured Before and After Smoking (Male N = 3)

Parameter

LS means

Ratio (after/before)

Geometric mean

Confidence interval 95%

Pr > |t| *

Before

After

Lower

Upper

The parameters were analyzed with ANOVA, treatment (pre- or post-smoking) and treatment* gender as fixed factors and subject as a random factor.

The values were (natural) LOG transformed before (and back transformed after) statistical analysis.

*indicates if the P-value is above 0.05 (no alpha level was pre-defined).

VPK

0.901

1.09

1.21

1.03

1.43

0.0256

PMN

1.61

2.37

1.47

1.14

1.88

0.0061

64.0

73.6

1.15

1.06

1.25

0.0025

10.5

15.5

1.48

1.25

1.74

0.0002

ET%

28.4

35.0

1.24

1.16

1.32

< 0.0001

57.1

72.7

1.27

1.13

1.44

0.0010

SVI

27.7

34.9

1.26

1.11

1.43

0.0021

COP

3.67

5.34

1.45

1.24

1.71

0.0003

1.76

2.62

1.49

1.24

1.77

0.0004

SBP

131

139

1.06

0.95

1.17

0.2877

DBP

87.7

89.3

1.02

0.95

1.10

0.6074

43.6

49.1

1.13

0.94

1.36

0.1829

MBP

102

106

1.03

0.95

1.13

0.3968

HR x PP

2788

3616

1.30

1.03

1.64

0.0325