Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 4, Number 2, April 2013, pages 64-67

Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Device Implantation: Clinical and Long-Term Data

Figures

Figure 1. Digital substraction angiography of the upper venous system in patients with a right atrial pacing. Persistent left vena cava superior drains through the coronary sinus to the right atrium and serves as a truck for the atrial lead placement (patient 1).

Figure 2. A) Multislice CT-angiography showing a persistent left superior vena cava with a presentation of right subclavian vein. B) A quadripolar dual coil active defibrillation lead was inserted in the right ventricle via right subclavian vein and connected with an ICD impalanted at right pectoral side (patient 3).

Table

**Table 1.** Clinical and Long-Term Data of Study Patients
Patient number	Age Sex	Device indication	Heart disease LVEF	Device type	Implantation approach	Follow-up (months)	Outcome
LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; F: female; PM: pacemaker; AAI: atrial single-chamber pacemaker; M: male; AF: atrial fibrillation; VVIR: ventricular single-chamber rate-adaptive pacemaker; MI: myocardial infarction; VT: ventricular tachycardia; ICD: implantable cardioverter defibrillator; NYHA: New York Heart Association; CRT-P: pacemaker with cardiac resynchronzation therapy; LBBB: left bundle branch block; CM: cardiomyopathy.
1	68 F	Sinus node dysfunction	Hypertension 60%	PM AAI	Left subclavian	124	Alive and well
2	80 M	Chronic AF and slow ventricular rate	Hypertension 45%	PM VVIR	Left subclavian	28	Chronic AF, died due to stroke
3	53 M	Unstable VT	Piror MI 35%	ICD	Right subclavian	28	Alive, paroxysmal AF
4	42 M	Sinus node dysfunction	None 65%	PM DDDR	Left subclavian	23	Alive, asymptomatic AF
5	51 F	NYHA class III/IV and LBBB	Nonischemic CM 25%	CRT-P	Epicardial	18	Alive, heart transplantation