Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 5, Number 5, October 2014, pages 145-150

Azelnidipine, Not Amlodipine, Induces Secretion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor From Smooth Muscle Cells and Promotes Endothelial Tube Formation

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Cell proliferation in HCSMCs or HCECs with or without the indicated concentrations of azelnidipine (A) and amlodipine (B) for 18 h as assessed by an MTS assay. Open and closed circles indicate HCECs and HCSMCs, respectively. Graph shows the % cell proliferation compared with that in the untreated control sample (100%). *P < 0.05 vs. control.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. (A) VEGF secretion from HCSMCs with or without the indicated concentrations of azelnidipine (closed circle) and amlodipine (open circles). *P < 0.05 vs. no treatment. #P < 0.05 vs. amlodipine. (B) VEGF secretion from HCSMCs with or without bradykinin, azelnidipine or Go6983. *P < 0.05 vs. no treatment.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. NF-κB activation using azelnidipine. *P < 0.05 vs. 0 μM azelnidipine.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. HCEC tube formation with or without the indicated concentrations of azelnidipine (A) and amlodipine (B). Representative pictures of HCECs plated on Matrigel are shown. Data show the % tube formation compared with that under no treatment (100%). *P < 0.05 vs. no treatment.
Figure 5.
Figure 5. HCEC tube formation with or without 2 μM azelnidipine or 5 μM Tki. Representative pictures of HCECs plated on Matrigel are shown. Data show the % tube formation compared with that under no treatment (100%). *P < 0.05 vs. no treatment.
Figure 6.
Figure 6. Proposed mechanisms of the effects of azelnidipine on endothelial tube formation.