Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 7, Number 2, April 2016, pages 66-79

Low Density Lipoprotein and Non-Newtonian Oscillating Flow Biomechanical Parameters for Normal Human Aorta

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. The computational model: ascending aorta, descending aorta, brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery. Sparse grid is shown.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Summary of equations used in the present study.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Applied blood waveform at the aortic arch inlet.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. Time-averaged wall shear stress (AWSS) (N/m2) magnitude with (a) power, (b) Carreau, (c) Casson, (d) non-Newtonian power and (e) Newtonian law models.
Figure 5.
Figure 5. Oscillatory shear index (OSI) with (a) power, (b) Carreau, (c) Casson, (d) non-Newtonian power, and (e) Newtonian law models.
Figure 6.
Figure 6. Relative residence time (RRT) with (a) power, (b) Carreau, (c) Casson, (d) non-Newtonian power, and (e) Newtonian law models. The AWSSV is inversely proportional to the RRT.
Figure 7.
Figure 7. Normalized luminal surface LDL concentration Cw/Co for the aortic arch. Flow velocity 0.05 m/s and constant concentration LDL of 1.3 mg/mL are applied at the orifice of the ascending aorta. Four views.
Figure 8.
Figure 8. Typical luminal surface concentration Cw/Co of normalized LDL versus WSS (N/m2). Flow velocity 0.05 m/s and constant concentration LDL of 1.3 mg/mL are applied at the orifice of the ascending aorta.
Figure 9.
Figure 9. Contours using non-Newtonian power law of (a) normalized luminal surface LDL concentration Cw/Co at 0.05 m/s and constant concentration of LDL of 1.3 mg/mL applied at the orifice of the ascending aorta), (b) RRT, (c) AWSS (N/m2) and (d) OSI.
Figure 10.
Figure 10. Time-averaged wall shear stress vector (AWSSV) (N/m2) versus averaged wall shear stress (AWSS) (N/m2): (a) power, (b) Carreau, (c) Casson, (d) non-Newtonian power, and (e) Newtonian law models.
Figure 11.
Figure 11. Oscillatory shear index versus time-averaged wall shear stress vector (AWSSV) (N/m2): (a) power, (b) Carreau, (c) Casson, (d) non-Newtonian power, and (e) Newtonian law models.
Figure 12.
Figure 12. Aorta streamline velocities m/s: (a) t = 0.075 s, (b) t = 0.150 s, (c) t = 0.250 s and (d) t = 0.60 s using the non-Newtonian power law model.
Figure 13.
Figure 13. Instantaneous aorta wall shear stress vectors (WSSV) (N/m2) at (a) t = 0.075 s, (b) t = 0.150 s, (c) t = 0.250 s and (d) t = 0.60 s using the non-Newtonian power law model.

Table

Table 1. Pearson Correlation Factors Between Transient Blood Flow Properties
 
AWSS (Pa)AWSSV (Pa)OSIRRT
Correlations are statistically significant at the 0.01 level for all the examined parameters.
Power law
  AWSS (Pa)10.735-0.221-0.244
  AWSSV (Pa)1-0.784-0.444
  OSI10.542
  RRT1
Casson
  AWSS (Pa)10.836-0.337-0.272
  AWSSV (Pa)1-0.721-0.386
  OSI10.565
  RRT1
Newtonian
  AWSS (Pa)10.836-0.358-0.305
  AWSSV (Pa)1-0.731-0.418
  OSI10.605
  RRT1
Carreau
  AWSS (Pa)10.816-0.287-0.212
  AWSSV (Pa)1-0.721-0.340
  OSI10.490
  RRT1
Non-Newtonian power law
  AWSS (Pa)10.759-0.272-0.229
  AWSSV (Pa)1-0.784-0.406
  OSI10.523
  RRT1