Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 8, Number 6, December 2017, pages 312-318

Global Risk Score and Clinical SYNTAX Score as Predictors of Clinical Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Unprotected Left Main Percutaneous Catheter Intervention

Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier analysis showing the occurrence of MACE at 1 year in patients using the clinical SYNTAX score (left) and the global risk score (right). The occurrence of adverse events was stratified accordingly to low, intermediate and high risk group per scoring system respectively. Differences between groups were compared using log rank test. Analysis time in months.

Figure 2. Hazard ratio (HR) plot of statistically significant variables on multivariable Cox proportional analysis. LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; ACS: acute coronary syndrome.

**Table 1.** Baseline Clinical, Angiographic and Procedural Characteristics
Characteristic (n = 92)	Total, n (%) or ± SD
Age	62 ± 12.1
Sex (male)	67 (72)
Hypertension	79 (85)
Diabetes	35 (38)
Cerebrovascular disease	7 (7.6)
Chronic kidney disease	5 (5.4)
Smoking	43 (46)
Dyslipidemia	40 (43)
Hx of previous ACS	22 (23.9)
Hx of previous PCI	5 (5.4)
Stable angina	27 (30.3)
Unstable angina/NSTEMI	32 (35.9)
STEMI	30 ( 33.7)
Heart failure	11 (11.9)
LVEF	55.8 ± 10.9
SYNTAX score	21.8 ± 12.2
EuroSCORE	2.7 ± 2.3
Clinical SYNTAX score	23.9 ± 18.5
Bifurcation lesion	39 (42)
Ostial	36 (39)
Thrombus	10 (10.8)
Number of lesions	1.9 ± 0.9
Lesions treated	1.4 ± 0.7
Number of stents implanted	1.96 ± 1.2
Mean stent length in left main	23.7 ± 8.1
Mean stent diameter	3.1 ± 0.7
Left main only	36 (39)
Left main plus one vessel	26 (28)
Left main plus two vessels	24 (26)
Three vessel with left main involvement	6 (6.5)
Complete revascularization	27 (29)
Procedural success	87 (94)

Table 1. Baseline Clinical, Angiographic and Procedural Characteristics

Characteristic (n = 92)

Total, n (%) or ± SD

Age

62 ± 12.1

Sex (male)

67 (72)

Hypertension

79 (85)

Diabetes

35 (38)

Cerebrovascular disease

7 (7.6)

Chronic kidney disease

5 (5.4)

Smoking

43 (46)

Dyslipidemia

40 (43)

Hx of previous ACS

22 (23.9)

Hx of previous PCI

5 (5.4)

Stable angina

27 (30.3)

Unstable angina/NSTEMI

32 (35.9)

STEMI

30 ( 33.7)

Heart failure

11 (11.9)

LVEF

55.8 ± 10.9

SYNTAX score

21.8 ± 12.2

EuroSCORE

2.7 ± 2.3

Clinical SYNTAX score

23.9 ± 18.5

Bifurcation lesion

39 (42)

Ostial

36 (39)

Thrombus

10 (10.8)

Number of lesions

1.9 ± 0.9

Lesions treated

1.4 ± 0.7

Number of stents implanted

1.96 ± 1.2

Mean stent length in left main

23.7 ± 8.1

Mean stent diameter

3.1 ± 0.7

Left main only

36 (39)

Left main plus one vessel

26 (28)

Left main plus two vessels

24 (26)

Three vessel with left main involvement

6 (6.5)

Complete revascularization

27 (29)

Procedural success

87 (94)

**Table 2.** Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events at 1 Year (MACE)
Event (N = 92)	n (%)
Total MACEs	26 ( 28.2)
All-cause mortality	10 (10.8)
Cardiovascular mortality	7 (7.6)
In-hospital death	5 (5.56)
MI	13 (13)
Coronary artery revascularization (CABG)	1 (4.5)
Stent thrombosis	2 (2.1)
Target vessel revascularization	4 (4.35)
Stroke	3 (3)

Table 2. Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events at 1 Year (MACE)

Event (N = 92)

n (%)

Total MACEs

26 ( 28.2)

All-cause mortality

10 (10.8)

Cardiovascular mortality

7 (7.6)

In-hospital death

5 (5.56)

13 (13)

Coronary artery revascularization (CABG)

1 (4.5)

Stent thrombosis

2 (2.1)

Target vessel revascularization

4 (4.35)

Stroke

3 (3)

**Table 3.** Distribution of MACE Based on Risk Stratification
Scoring system	With MACE, N = 26 (%)	Without MACE, N = 66 (%)	Total, N = 92
CSS low	10 (38.4)	57 (86)	67 (72.8)
CSS mid	10 (38.4)	9 (13.6)	19 (20.6)
CSS high	6 (23)	0 (0)	6 (6.5)
GRS low	1 (3.85)	54 (81.8)	55 (59.7)
GRS mid	12 (53.8)	12 (18.1)	26 (28.2)
GRS high	11 (42.3)	0 (0)	11 (11.9)

Table 3. Distribution of MACE Based on Risk Stratification

Scoring system

With MACE, N = 26 (%)

Without MACE, N = 66 (%)

Total, N = 92

CSS low

10 (38.4)

57 (86)

67 (72.8)

CSS mid

10 (38.4)

9 (13.6)

19 (20.6)

CSS high

6 (23)

0 (0)

6 (6.5)

GRS low

1 (3.85)

54 (81.8)

55 (59.7)

GRS mid

12 (53.8)

12 (18.1)

26 (28.2)

GRS high

11 (42.3)

0 (0)

11 (11.9)