Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 8, Number 5, October 2017, pages 220-227

Breast Arterial Calcifications on Mammography Do Not Predict Myocardial Ischemia on Myocardial Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Figure 1. Visual scoring of breast arterial calcification (BAC): (a) no BAC (score 0); (b) mild BAC, one vessle (arrow), single wall, and less than one-third of the vessel length (score 3); (c) moderate BAC: two vessels (arrows), two wall with visualization of the vessels lumen and less than two-thirds of the vessel length (score 8); (d) severe BAC: multiple vessels, dense calcification with obliteration of the vessels lumen, and more than two-thirds of the vessels length (score 13).

**Table 1.** Patient Characteristics and Comparison of Presence and Absence of BAC Based on CAD Risk Factors
	All	Absence of BAC	Presence of BAC	P-value
N	435	177 (41%)	258 (95%)
Age, years (mean ± SD)	58 ± 8	55 ± 7	61 ± 8	0.0001
Diabets mellitus	237	84	183	0.0148
Hyprtension	291	108	41	0.0309
Smoking	2	2	0	0.087
Hyerlipidemia	194	81	113	0.6856
Chronic kidney disease	176	49	127	0.0001
Family history	10	4	6	0.9642

Table 1. Patient Characteristics and Comparison of Presence and Absence of BAC Based on CAD Risk Factors

All

Absence of BAC

Presence of BAC

P-value

435

177 (41%)

258 (95%)

Age, years (mean ± SD)

58 ± 8

55 ± 7

61 ± 8

0.0001

Diabets mellitus

237

183

0.0148

Hyprtension

291

108

0.0309

Smoking

0.087

Hyerlipidemia

194

113

0.6856

Chronic kidney disease

176

127

0.0001

Family history

0.9642

**Table 2.** Comparison of Normal MPS and Abnormal MPS Based on CAD Risk Factors
	All	Normal MPS, 380 (87%)	Abnormal MPS, 55 (13%)	P-value
N	435	380 (87%)	55 (13%)
Absence of BAC	177	155 (36%)	22 (5%)
Presence of BAC	258	225 (51%)	33 (8%)	0.3069
Diabetes mellitus	237	199	38	0.0199
Hypertension	291	250	41	0.1971
Smoking	2	1	1	0.1111
Hyperlipidemia	194	162	32	0.0301
Chronic kidney disease	176	145	31	0.0101
Family history	10	9	1	0.7991

Table 2. Comparison of Normal MPS and Abnormal MPS Based on CAD Risk Factors

All

Normal MPS, 380 (87%)

Abnormal MPS, 55 (13%)

P-value

435

380 (87%)

55 (13%)

Absence of BAC

177

155 (36%)

22 (5%)

Presence of BAC

258

225 (51%)

33 (8%)

0.3069

Diabetes mellitus

237

199

0.0199

Hypertension

291

250

0.1971

Smoking

0.1111

Hyperlipidemia

194

162

0.0301

Chronic kidney disease

176

145

0.0101

Family history

0.7991

**Table 3.** Comparison of Normal MPS and Abnormal MPS Based on the Age and Left Ventricular Function
	All	Normal MPS, 380	Abnormal MPS	P-value
N	435	380 (87%)	55 (13%)
Age, years (mean ± SD)	58 ± 8	58 ± 8	60 ± 8	0.0425
Left ventricular function, % (mean ± SD)	63 ± 9	64 ± 8	57 ± 12	0.0001

Table 3. Comparison of Normal MPS and Abnormal MPS Based on the Age and Left Ventricular Function

All

Normal MPS, 380

Abnormal MPS

P-value

435

380 (87%)

55 (13%)

Age, years (mean ± SD)

58 ± 8

60 ± 8

0.0425

Left ventricular function, % (mean ± SD)

63 ± 9

64 ± 8

57 ± 12

0.0001

**Table 4.** Relationship Between Breast Arterial Calcification Based on the Number of the Arteries, Density of Calcification, and Length of the Vessels, and Total BAC Score and MPS
	Number (%)	P-value
Number of involved breast arteries		0.3668
0	177 (41%)
1	81 (19%)
2	50 (12%)
3	124 (29%)
4	1 (0.2%)
5	1 (0.2%)
6	1 (0.2%)
Density of calcification		0.1693
0	177 (40)
1	94 (22%)
2	55 (13%)
3	57 (13%)
4	53 (12%)
Length of vessels		0.4954
0	177 (41%)
1	81 (19%)
2	50 (12%)
3	126 (28%)
Total score of arterial calcification		0.2095
Patient with normal MPS (mean ± SD)	5 ± 5
Patient with abnormal MPS (mean ± SD)	6 ± 6

Table 4. Relationship Between Breast Arterial Calcification Based on the Number of the Arteries, Density of Calcification, and Length of the Vessels, and Total BAC Score and MPS

Number (%)

P-value

Number of involved breast arteries

0.3668

177 (41%)

81 (19%)

50 (12%)

124 (29%)

1 (0.2%)

Density of calcification

0.1693

177 (40)

94 (22%)

55 (13%)

57 (13%)

53 (12%)

Length of vessels

0.4954

177 (41%)

81 (19%)

50 (12%)

126 (28%)

Total score of arterial calcification

0.2095

Patient with normal MPS (mean ± SD)

5 ± 5

Patient with abnormal MPS (mean ± SD)

6 ± 6

**Table 5.** Relationship Between BAC Score Categories and MPS
BAC score category	Normal MPS	Abnormal MPS	P-value
Zero	155 (36%)	22 (5%)
Mild (1 - 4)	45 (6%)	1 (%)
Moderate (5 - 8)	60 (14%)	7 (2%)
Severe (9 - 13)	120 (28%)	23 (5%)	0.3069

Table 5. Relationship Between BAC Score Categories and MPS

BAC score category

Normal MPS

Abnormal MPS

P-value

Zero

155 (36%)

22 (5%)

Mild (1 - 4)

45 (6%)

1 (%)

Moderate (5 - 8)

60 (14%)

7 (2%)

Severe (9 - 13)

120 (28%)

23 (5%)

0.3069

**Table 6.** Multivariate Predictors of Abnormal MPS Result
	P-value
Age (years)	0.0342
Diabetes	0.3081
Hyperlipidemia	0.1541
Chronic kidney disease	0.0778
Mean left ventricular function	< 0.0001

Table 6. Multivariate Predictors of Abnormal MPS Result

P-value

Age (years)

0.0342

Diabetes

0.3081

Hyperlipidemia

0.1541

Chronic kidney disease

0.0778

Mean left ventricular function

< 0.0001