Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 11, Number 1, February 2020, pages 22-32

Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Insight Into the Intimate Mechanisms of Coagulation

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Tissue factor levels in plasma in the control and patient groups.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. FVII coagulation activity in the control and patient groups.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. FXII coagulation activity in the control and patient groups.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. FXI coagulation activity in the control and patient groups.
Figure 5.
Figure 5. Correlation between XII activity and time spent in PAF. PAF: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Figure 6.
Figure 6. Changes in FXIIa during the first 6 h of the clinical manifestation of PAF. PAF: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Figure 7.
Figure 7. Changes in FXIa during the first 6 h of the clinical manifestation of PAF. PAF: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Figure 8.
Figure 8. Changes in TF plasma level during the first 6 h of the clinical manifestation of PAF. TF: tissue factor; PAF: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Figure 9.
Figure 9. Changes in FVIIa during the first 6 h of the clinical manifestation of PAF. PAF: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Tables

Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of the Participants
 
Patients with PAFControl groupP values
CHA2DS2-VASc score - congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack/thromboembolism, vascular disease (prior myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, or aortic atherosclerosis), age (65 - 74 years) and sex category (female). According to CHA2DS2-VASc score, patients were divided into low-risk (score < 2) and high-risk (score ≥ 2) for the emergence of embologenic risk according to the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology [17]. PAF: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; BMI: body mass index.
Number of participants51520.89
Mean age (years)59.84 ± 11.4259.50 ± 10.530.87
Men/women26/2526/261/0.93
Accompanying diseases
  Hypertension37 (72.54%)34 (65.38%)0.44
  Diabetes mellitus type 23 (5.88%)2 (3.84%)0.62
Dyslipidemia4 (7.84%)3 (5.77%)0.69
Medicaments for hypertension and dyslipidemia
  Beta blockers19 (37.25%)17 (32.69%)0.62
  ACE inhibitors15 (29.41%)14 (26.92%)0.78
  Sartans11 (21.57%)9 (17.31%)0.58
  Statins4 (7.84%)3 (5.77%)0.69
Deleterious habits
  Smoking8 (15.69%)7 (13.46%)0.75
  Alcohol intake7 (13.72%)6 (11.53%)0.74
BMI (kg/m2)23.85 ± 3.2824.95 ± 3.240.09
CHA2DS2-VASc scoreNo score
  Number of patients with score < 225
  Number of patients with score ≥ 226

 

Table 2. Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Participants
 
Echocardiographic indicatorsPatients with PAFControl groupP values
PAF: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic dimension; EF: ejection fraction; IVS: interventricular septum thickness; PW: posterior wall; LA: left atrial; RVEDD: right ventricular end-diastolic dimension.
LVEDD (mm)52.57 ± 5.4352.29 ± 5.440.73
LVESD (mm)34.43 ± 5.3434.73 ± 4.990.69
EF (%)62.98 ± 5.9761.54 ± 5.490.12
IVS (mm)10.37 ± 3.429.92 ± 3.680.20
PW (mm)10.24 ± 3.279.73 ± 3.820.16
LA volume (mL/m2)22.81 ± 4.8023.82 ± 5.000.13
RVEDD (mm)30.54 ± 8.9829.17 ± 8.510.18