Remnant Cholesterol and Carotid Intraplaque Neovascularization Assessed by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

Background: We investigated the relationship between remnant cholesterol and carotid intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in patients with ischemic stroke.

Methods: This was a single-center study. Remnant cholesterol is calculated as total cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). All patients underwent CEUS. IPN is graded according to the presence and location of microbubbles within each plaque.

Results: The cohort included 110 patients with ischemic stroke. Patients with an IPN grading of 2 had higher triglyceride (TG), non-HDL-C, and remnant cholesterol concentrations than those with an IPN grading of < 2 (TG: 1.45 0.69 vs. 0.96 0.24 mmol/L, P < 0.001; non-HDL-C: 2.63 0.85 vs. 2.31 0.64 mmol/L, P = 0.037; remnant cholesterol: 0.57 0.23 vs. 0.44 0.07 mmol/L, P < 0.001). The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for remnant cholesterol was 27.728 (2.714 - 283.253) for an IPN grading of 2 in the subset of patients with an optimal LDL-C concentration.

Conclusions: The remnant cholesterol concentration is significantly associated with carotid IPN on CEUS in patients with ischemic stroke with an optimal LDL-C concentration. Remnant cholesterol may be an important indicator of risk stratification in patients with ischemic stroke.

Cardiol Res. 2024;15(3):144-152
doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/cr1634